Study material
Every chapter below is in English and Hindi. The first chapter of each course is free to read; the rest unlock with that course's plan, from ₹29 a month.
🏛️ BPSC — Combined Competitive Exam
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🗺️ Bihar Special
✍️ General Hindi
🧮 Mental Ability
- Numerical Ability: Percentages, Ratios & Averages
- Logical Reasoning: Series, Coding & Puzzles
- Analytical Reasoning, Syllogism & Puzzles
- Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Number System, HCF–LCM & Simplification
- Profit & Loss, Discount, Interest & Partnership
- Time & Work, Pipes, Mixtures & Ages
- Time, Speed, Distance, Trains, Boats & Calendar
- Geometry, Mensuration, Algebra & Probability
- Non-Verbal & Visual Reasoning
🕌 UPPSC — Combined State / Upper Subordinate Services (PCS)
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🕌 Uttar Pradesh Special
- Ancient and Medieval Uttar Pradesh: Civilisation, Cities and Dynasties
- Uttar Pradesh: Physical and Human Geography
- Agriculture, Land Reforms and Allied Sectors of Uttar Pradesh
- Uttar Pradesh: Constitutional Polity and Local Government
- Social Sector, Welfare Schemes, NGOs and Innovation in Uttar Pradesh
- UP in 1857 and the Freedom Struggle
- Uttar Pradesh: Environment, Forests, Wildlife and Climate
- UP Economy, Budget, Industry, Investment and Infrastructure
- Uttar Pradesh: Administration, Governance, Law and Order and Security
- Art, Architecture, Society, Languages, Fairs and Tourism
🧮 Mental Ability
- Numerical Ability: Percentages, Ratios & Averages
- Logical Reasoning: Series, Coding & Puzzles
- Analytical Reasoning, Syllogism & Puzzles
- Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Number System, HCF–LCM & Simplification
- Profit & Loss, Discount, Interest & Partnership
- Time & Work, Pipes, Mixtures & Ages
- Time, Speed, Distance, Trains, Boats & Calendar
- Geometry, Mensuration, Algebra & Probability
- Non-Verbal & Visual Reasoning
🌾 CGPSC — State Service Examination
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🌾 Chhattisgarh Special
- History of Chhattisgarh I: prehistory to the Kalachuris
- Physical Geography, Forests and Wildlife of Chhattisgarh
- State economy, finance, rural credit and cooperatives
- Welfare Schemes, State Laws and Current Affairs
- Art, folk culture, festivals, monuments, tourism and saints of Chhattisgarh
- History of Chhattisgarh II: Marathas, British, 1857, freedom movement, state formation
- Agriculture, Irrigation, Minerals, Energy, Industry and Transport of Chhattisgarh
- Government, administration and Panchayati Raj
- Tribes, Communities and Social Structure
- Chhattisgarhi language and literature
🧮 Mental Ability
- Numerical Ability: Percentages, Ratios & Averages
- Logical Reasoning: Series, Coding & Puzzles
- Analytical Reasoning, Syllogism & Puzzles
- Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Number System, HCF–LCM & Simplification
- Profit & Loss, Discount, Interest & Partnership
- Time & Work, Pipes, Mixtures & Ages
- Time, Speed, Distance, Trains, Boats & Calendar
- Geometry, Mensuration, Algebra & Probability
- Non-Verbal & Visual Reasoning
🚆 RRB — Group D, NTPC & Technician
🧠 Reasoning
🏆 General Awareness
➗ Quantitative Aptitude
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🚆 Railway Science, Maths & GK
- Light: Mirrors, Lenses and the Human Eye
- Chemical Reactions, Acids, Bases and Salts
- Life Processes
- Statistics and Basic Probability
- Reasoning Extensions: Jumbling, Similarities and Differences, Maps, Conclusions and Decision Making
- Electricity and Magnetism
- Metals, Non-metals and Carbon Compounds
- Control, Coordination and Reproduction
- Sets and Venn Operations
- Heredity
- Indian Railways: Organisation, Zones and Recruitment
🧮 Mental Ability
- Numerical Ability: Percentages, Ratios & Averages
- Logical Reasoning: Series, Coding & Puzzles
- Analytical Reasoning, Syllogism & Puzzles
- Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Number System, HCF–LCM & Simplification
- Profit & Loss, Discount, Interest & Partnership
- Time & Work, Pipes, Mixtures & Ages
- Time, Speed, Distance, Trains, Boats & Calendar
- Geometry, Mensuration, Algebra & Probability
- Non-Verbal & Visual Reasoning
🚓 Police Recruitment — Constable & Sub-Inspector
🧠 Reasoning
🏆 General Awareness
➗ Quantitative Aptitude
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🚆 Railway Science, Maths & GK
- Light: Mirrors, Lenses and the Human Eye
- Chemical Reactions, Acids, Bases and Salts
- Life Processes
- Statistics and Basic Probability
- Reasoning Extensions: Jumbling, Similarities and Differences, Maps, Conclusions and Decision Making
- Electricity and Magnetism
- Metals, Non-metals and Carbon Compounds
- Control, Coordination and Reproduction
- Sets and Venn Operations
- Heredity
- Indian Railways: Organisation, Zones and Recruitment
🚓 Police Exams: Matric Science, Maths, Law & Hindi Literature
- Motion, Force, Gravitation, Work and Energy
- World History, 1750 to 1950
- India and Its Neighbours; International Organisations and Treaties
- Criminal Law and Police Procedure Basics
- Hindi Literature, Ras, Chhand and Alankar
- General Hindi for Police Exams: Grammar and Vocabulary
- Uttar Pradesh General Knowledge for the UP Police Constable Exam
- Bihar General Knowledge for the Bihar Police Constable and SI Exams
- Matric Algebra, Coordinate Geometry and Commercial Maths
- Industrialisation, Urbanisation and Globalisation
- Rights, Consumer Protection and Internal Security
🏦 Banking — IBPS & SBI Clerk, PO, RRB
🧠 Reasoning
🏆 General Awareness
➗ Quantitative Aptitude
🔤 English Language & Comprehension
📈 Economy
🧮 Banking Quantitative Aptitude
🧩 Banking Reasoning & Computer Aptitude
- Seating Arrangements at Bank Level
- Input-Output and Machine Arrangement
- Computer Knowledge I: Hardware, Memory, Operating Systems, Databases and Networks
- Computer Knowledge II: Software, MS Office, the Internet, Security and Banking IT
- Puzzles: Schedules, Floors, Boxes, Comparison and Tabulation
- Computer Aptitude at Bank Level
- Inequalities, "Only a Few" Syllogisms and Logical Inference
🔤 Banking English
🏛️ Banking & Financial Awareness
📋 SSC — CHSL, MTS, GD Constable & CPO (SI)
🧠 Reasoning
🏆 General Awareness
➗ Quantitative Aptitude
🔤 English Language & Comprehension
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🚆 Railway Science, Maths & GK
- Light: Mirrors, Lenses and the Human Eye
- Chemical Reactions, Acids, Bases and Salts
- Life Processes
- Statistics and Basic Probability
- Reasoning Extensions: Jumbling, Similarities and Differences, Maps, Conclusions and Decision Making
- Electricity and Magnetism
- Metals, Non-metals and Carbon Compounds
- Control, Coordination and Reproduction
- Sets and Venn Operations
- Heredity
- Indian Railways: Organisation, Zones and Recruitment
🧮 Mental Ability
- Numerical Ability: Percentages, Ratios & Averages
- Logical Reasoning: Series, Coding & Puzzles
- Analytical Reasoning, Syllogism & Puzzles
- Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Number System, HCF–LCM & Simplification
- Profit & Loss, Discount, Interest & Partnership
- Time & Work, Pipes, Mixtures & Ages
- Time, Speed, Distance, Trains, Boats & Calendar
- Geometry, Mensuration, Algebra & Probability
- Non-Verbal & Visual Reasoning
⭐ CDS: IMA, INA, AFA & OTA
🏆 General Awareness
➗ Quantitative Aptitude
🔤 English Language & Comprehension
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🚆 Railway Science, Maths & GK
- Light: Mirrors, Lenses and the Human Eye
- Chemical Reactions, Acids, Bases and Salts
- Life Processes
- Statistics and Basic Probability
- Reasoning Extensions: Jumbling, Similarities and Differences, Maps, Conclusions and Decision Making
- Electricity and Magnetism
- Metals, Non-metals and Carbon Compounds
- Control, Coordination and Reproduction
- Sets and Venn Operations
- Heredity
- Indian Railways: Organisation, Zones and Recruitment
🔢 Paper I Extras — Number Systems, Logs & Heights
🇬🇧 English (GAT Part A)
🌏 General Knowledge (GAT Part B)
- Physics — Matter, Motion, Heat, Sound, Light, Electricity & Simple Machines
- Chemistry — Changes, Atomic Structure, Acids, Bases, Salts & Everyday Products
- General Science — Cells, Tissues, Human Organs, Balanced Diet & Major Discoveries
- Indian Culture, Civilisation & the Freedom Movement
- The Indian Constitution & Major World Revolutions
- Geography — The Earth, Climate, Rocks, Earthquakes, India & Trade Routes
- Current Events, Sports, Personalities & Defence Awareness
🏰 RPSC — Rajasthan Administrative Service (RAS)
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🏰 Rajasthan Special
- Early and Medieval Rajasthan: Prehistory to the 18th Century
- Architecture, Painting, Crafts, Performing Arts and Heritage Sites of Rajasthan
- Physical Geography of Rajasthan
- Economy of Rajasthan
- Rajasthan Land and Revenue Laws; the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022
- Modern Rajasthan: Political Conditions, Movements and Integration
- Language, Literature, Religion, Folk Deities, Fairs, Tribes and Society of Rajasthan
- Resource and Human Geography of Rajasthan
- Political and Administrative System of Rajasthan
- Welfare Schemes, Institutions, Sports and Science Policy of Rajasthan
🧮 Mental Ability
- Numerical Ability: Percentages, Ratios & Averages
- Logical Reasoning: Series, Coding & Puzzles
- Analytical Reasoning, Syllogism & Puzzles
- Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Number System, HCF–LCM & Simplification
- Profit & Loss, Discount, Interest & Partnership
- Time & Work, Pipes, Mixtures & Ages
- Time, Speed, Distance, Trains, Boats & Calendar
- Geometry, Mensuration, Algebra & Probability
- Non-Verbal & Visual Reasoning
🌿 JPSC — Combined Civil Services Examination
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🌿 Jharkhand Special
- Early Jharkhand and Traditional Governance
- Physical geography, resources and projects
- Economy, Demography and Planning of Jharkhand
- Land Laws, Tribal Rights and Scheduled Areas
- Tribes, Society and Festivals of Jharkhand
- Revolts, Freedom Struggle and the Statehood Movement
- Forests, wildlife, environment, climate change and disaster management
- Industry, Mining and Industrial and Rehabilitation Policy
- State Polity, Administration, Schemes, Institutions, Sports and Current Affairs
- Agriculture, Irrigation and Rural Development
🐅 MPPSC — State Service Examination
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🐅 Madhya Pradesh Special
- Early and Classical Madhya Pradesh: Prehistory, Mahajanapadas, Empires, Gupta Feudatories and Medieval Dynasties
- Art, Architecture, Literature, Festivals, Tourism and Heritage of Madhya Pradesh
- Physical Geography of Madhya Pradesh: Relief, Drainage, Climate and Soils
- Economy and Finances of Madhya Pradesh
- Madhya Pradesh: Administration, Local Government and Governance
- Princely States, 1857, the Freedom Movement and the Formation of Madhya Pradesh
- Tribes of Madhya Pradesh: Heritage, Folk Culture and Folk Literature
- Resources, Agriculture, Industry, Population and Environment of Madhya Pradesh
- The Constitutional and Political System of Madhya Pradesh
- Madhya Pradesh: Human Development, Health, Welfare Schemes and Institutions
🧮 Mental Ability
- Numerical Ability: Percentages, Ratios & Averages
- Logical Reasoning: Series, Coding & Puzzles
- Analytical Reasoning, Syllogism & Puzzles
- Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Number System, HCF–LCM & Simplification
- Profit & Loss, Discount, Interest & Partnership
- Time & Work, Pipes, Mixtures & Ages
- Time, Speed, Distance, Trains, Boats & Calendar
- Geometry, Mensuration, Algebra & Probability
- Non-Verbal & Visual Reasoning
🇮🇳 UPSC — Civil Services Exam
🧭 Ethics — GS-IV (UPSC)
⚖️ Governance, Politics & IR — GS-II (UPSC)
- Governance, Transparency and E-Governance — with the State Executive and Local Government
- Welfare Schemes and Social-Sector Services — Design, Delivery and Vulnerable Sections
- International Relations: India and Its Neighbourhood, Bilateral Ties and Global Groupings
- Parties, Pressure Groups, the Media and the Representation of the People Acts
🌐 Society & World History — GS-I (UPSC)
🛡️ GS-III — Agriculture, Disasters & Security (UPSC)
🧩 CSAT Paper-II (UPSC)
✍️ Essay & Answer Writing (UPSC)
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🧮 Mental Ability
- Numerical Ability: Percentages, Ratios & Averages
- Logical Reasoning: Series, Coding & Puzzles
- Analytical Reasoning, Syllogism & Puzzles
- Data Interpretation & Data Sufficiency
- Number System, HCF–LCM & Simplification
- Profit & Loss, Discount, Interest & Partnership
- Time & Work, Pipes, Mixtures & Ages
- Time, Speed, Distance, Trains, Boats & Calendar
- Geometry, Mensuration, Algebra & Probability
- Non-Verbal & Visual Reasoning
🧾 SSC — Combined Graduate Level (CGL)
🧠 Reasoning
🏆 General Awareness
➗ Quantitative Aptitude
🔤 English Language & Comprehension
📊 Statistics (Tier-II Paper-II)
- Collection, Classification and Presentation of Statistical Data
- Measures of Central Tendency and Partition Values
- Measures of Dispersion
- Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis
- Correlation and Regression
- Probability Theory
- Random Variables and Probability Distributions
- Sampling Theory
- Statistical Inference: Estimation and Testing of Hypotheses
- Analysis of Variance
- Time Series Analysis
- Index Numbers
🏛️ Indian Polity
- Historical Background of the Indian Constitution (1773–1947)
- Making of the Indian Constitution
- The Preamble & Salient Features of the Constitution
- Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12–35)
- Directive Principles (DPSP) & Fundamental Duties
- The Parliament of India (Union Legislature)
- The Union Executive: President, Vice-President & Council of Ministers
- The Indian Judiciary: Supreme Court & High Courts
- Panchayati Raj (with Bihar focus)
- State Government: Governor, CM & the Bihar Legislature
- Centre–State Relations & Indian Federalism
- Constitutional & Statutory Bodies
- Emergency Provisions, Elections & Anti-Defection
- State & Local Government: Governor, Legislature, Panchayats, Municipalities & Union Territories
- Amending the Constitution: Article 368, Basic Structure, Landmark Amendments & Statutory Bodies
📜 History
- Ancient Bihar: Magadha to the Guptas
- Bihar in the Freedom Struggle
- Modern India: The Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)
- Medieval Bihar: Sher Shah Suri to the Battle of Buxar
- Bihar after Independence
- Indus Valley Civilisation & the Vedic Age
- Delhi Sultanate & the Mughal Empire
- Bhakti & Sufi Movements and Indian Art & Culture
- Peasant, Tribal & Religious Reform Movements
- Mauryan & Pala Art, Patna Qalam and Modern Indian Thought
- Mahajanapadas, the Rise of Magadha, Buddhism & Jainism
- The Mauryas and the Post-Mauryan Age
- The Guptas and After: Harsha and the Kingdoms of the South
- Indian Architecture & Sculpture: From Harappa to the Raj
- Indian Painting and the Performing Arts
- Religion, Philosophy, Language and Heritage
- British Expansion and the Colonial State, 1757–1857
- Social and Religious Reform, Education and the Press
- The National Movement and Constitutional Development, 1885–1947
- India after Independence: Consolidation, Reorganisation and Change, 1947–1991
🌍 Geography
- Geography of Bihar: Rivers & Physical Divisions
- Physical Geography of India
- Climate, Soils & Agriculture of Bihar
- World & Physical Geography Fundamentals
- Resources, Industry, Transport & Population
- Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity
- Ecology & Biodiversity in Depth
- Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Laws & Institutions
- Pollution, Climate Change & International Environmental Cooperation
- Soils, Natural Vegetation & Agriculture of India
- Climatology & Oceanography: Atmosphere, Winds, Cyclones and the Oceans
📈 Economy
🔬 Science & Technology
- Everyday Science: High-Yield Facts
- The Human Body & Health
- Space & Defence Technology
- Atomic Structure, Radioactivity & Nuclear Energy
- Cell Biology, Genetics & Biotechnology
- Computers, IT & Emerging Technologies
- Biotechnology & Health Technology: Tools, Therapies, Vaccines and Biosafety
- Physics, Materials & Energy Technologies: Chips, Light, Quantum, Storage and Clean Power
🎓 UGC NET / JRF
🔢 Discrete Mathematics (CS paper)
🔌 Digital Logic (CS paper)
🏗️ Computer Organisation (CS paper)
🧱 Programming & Data Structures (CS paper)
⚙️ Algorithms (CS paper)
🧮 Theory of Computation (CS paper)
🔧 Compiler Design (CS paper)
🖥️ Operating Systems (CS paper)
🗄️ Databases (CS paper)
🌐 Computer Networks (CS paper)
👩🏫 Teaching & Research Aptitude
- Teaching Aptitude — Nature, Objectives & Learner Characteristics
- Teaching Methods, ICT-Based Teaching & Evaluation Systems
- Research Aptitude — Meaning, Types & Methods
- Thesis Writing, Publication Ethics & ICT in Research
- Learner Characteristics & Factors Affecting Teaching
- Research Design, Hypothesis, Sampling & Tools
💬 Comprehension & Communication
🧮 Reasoning, Maths & Data
🎓 ICT, Environment & Higher Education
- Information & Communication Technology (ICT)
- People, Development & Environment
- Higher Education System — Institutions, Policies & Governance
- Pollution, Environmental Law & International Agreements
- Higher Education Governance, Regulators & NEP 2020
- ICT Fundamentals: Hardware, Software, Networks & Cyber Safety
📒 Paper-2 Commerce (code 08)
- Business Environment: Systems, Policy and Responsibility
- International Business: Trade, Investment and the Institutions
- Business Economics I: Demand, Consumer Behaviour and Production
- Business Economics II: Costs, Market Structure and Pricing
- Accounting Principles, Partnership and Corporate Accounts
- Cost and Management Accounting, and Financial Statement Analysis
- Specialised Accounting, Accounting Standards and Auditing
- Business Finance I: Cost of Capital, Capital Structure and Investment Decisions
- Business Finance II: Risk, Securitisation and International Finance
- Business Statistics I: Description, Association and Probability
- Business Statistics II: Research, Sampling and Hypothesis Testing
- Management: Principles, Structure, Motivation, Leadership and Governance
- Human Resource Management and Organisational Behaviour
- Banking I: The Financial System, Banks, the RBI and Reforms
- Banking II: Institutions, Regulators, Inclusion, Digital Finance and Insurance
- Marketing I: Concept, Mix, Strategic Planning, STP, Product and Pricing Decisions
- Marketing II: Promotion, Distribution, Consumer Behaviour, Services, Trends and Logistics
- Business Law I: Contract Act, Special Contracts, Sale of Goods and Negotiable Instruments
- Business Law II: Companies Act, LLP, Competition, IT, RTI, Intellectual Property and GST
- Income-tax I: Concepts, Residential Status, Exemptions, Heads of Income, Deductions and Clubbing
- Income-tax II: International Taxation, Corporate Tax Planning, TDS and TCS, Advance Tax and E-filing
🏢 Paper-2 Management (code 17)
- Management I: Concept, Theories, Functions, Communication, Decision Making and Organisation Design
- Management II: Managerial Economics, National Income, Inflation, Ethics, CSR and Corporate Governance
- Organisational Behaviour: Individual Behaviour, Motivation, Groups, Leadership and Transactional Analysis
- Culture, Diversity, Stress and Justice; HRM Concept, Planning, Staffing, Training, Job Analysis and Compensation
- Strategic HRM: Competency Mapping, Balanced Scorecard, Careers, Performance Management, OD and Talent
- Engagement and Work-Life Balance; Industrial Relations, Welfare and Social Security; Trade Unions and Collective Bargaining; IHRM and Green HRM
- Accounting for Managers: Principles and Standards, Financial Statements and their Analysis, Cost Sheet, Marginal Costing, CVP and Variances
- Financial Management: Functions, Capital Structure Theories, Cost of Capital, Sources of Finance, Budgeting and Leverages
- Value and Returns: Time Value of Money, Valuation of Bonds and Shares, Risk and Return, Capital Budgeting and Dividend Theories
- Mergers and Acquisitions, Portfolio Management, Derivatives, Working Capital Management and International Financial Management
- Strategic Management: Concept and Process, External and Internal Analysis, Strategy Formulation, Portfolio Models and Implementation
- Marketing: Concept, Orientation, Customer Value, STP, Product and Pricing, Place and Promotion
- Consumer and Industrial Buying Behaviour, Brand Management, and Logistics and Supply Chain Management
- Sales Force and Personal Selling, Service Marketing, Customer Relationship Marketing, Retail Marketing, Emerging Trends and International Marketing
- Statistics for Management: Central Tendency, Dispersion, Probability Distributions, Data Collection, Sampling, Hypothesis Testing, Correlation and Regression
- Operations Management: Production Systems, Facility Location and Layout, ERP, Scheduling, Quality Management and Operations Research
- International Business: Globalisation, Trade Theories, Balance of Payments, Foreign Investment, WTO, Trade Procedures and Documentation, IMF and World Bank
- Information Technology in Management: Computers, MIS and DSS, Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Data Warehousing and Mining, Knowledge Management and Managing Technological Change
- Entrepreneurship Development: Concept, Types, Theories and Process, Intrapreneurship, Women and Rural Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Opportunity Identification and Idea Screening
- Business Plan and Feasibility Analysis; Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: Definition, Role of Government, Sickness and Revival, and Institutional Finance including Microfinance
📘 Paper-2 Education (code 09)
- Educational Studies I: Indian and Western Schools of Philosophy and Their Contribution to Educational Aims
- History and Politics of Education I: Committees and Commissions on Teacher Education, and the Policy Formulation Process
- History and Politics of Education II: Politics of Education — Perspectives, Approaches and Political Socialization
- Learner and Learning Process I: Growth and Development, Personality, Mental Health, and Approaches to Intelligence
- Learner and Learning Process II: Principles and Theories of Learning, Social Cognition, and Guidance and Counselling
- Teacher Education I: Meaning, Types, Structure and Pre-service Transactional Approaches
- Teacher Education II: Knowledge Base and Models, In-service Education, and the Teaching Profession
- Curriculum Studies I: Concept, Principles, Foundations and Models of Curriculum Design
- Curriculum Studies II: Instructional System, Approaches to Curriculum Evaluation, and Curriculum Change
- Research in Education I: Scientific Method, Types and Approaches to Research, Variables, Hypotheses, Sampling and Tools
- Research in Education II: Measurement Scales, Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis, and Qualitative Research Designs
- Pedagogy, Andragogy and Assessment I: Pedagogical Analysis, Critical Pedagogy, Organizing Teaching, and the Concept of Andragogy
- Pedagogy, Andragogy and Assessment II: Assessment, Domains of Learning, Feedback Devices, and Interaction Analysis
- Technology in/for Education I: Concept of Educational Technology, Learning Theories and Instructional Design Models
- Technology in/for Education II: E-learning, Emerging Trends, Open Education Resources, E-inclusion, Quality of E-learning, and ICT in Evaluation, Administration and Research
- Educational Management, Administration and Leadership I: Meaning, Principles, Institution-Building, POSDCORB, CPM/PERT, SWOT and Approaches to Administration
- Educational Management, Administration and Leadership II: Leadership, Quality in Education, Change Management, and Quality Assurance Agencies
- Inclusive Education I: Concept, Principles, Evolution and Legal Provisions
- Inclusive Education II: Disability Classification, Planning and Management of Inclusive Classrooms, and Barriers, Facilitators and Research Trends
📗 Paper-2 Political Science (code 02)
- Political Theory I: The Core Concepts — Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rights, Democracy, Power and Citizenship
- Political Theory II: Political Traditions — Liberalism, Conservatism, Socialism, Marxism, Feminism, Ecologism, Multiculturalism and Postmodernism
- Political Thought: Confucius, Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Hegel, Wollstonecraft, Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Arendt, Fanon, Mao and Rawls
- Indian Political Thought: From Dharamshastra and Kautilya to Ambedkar, Nehru and Deendayal Upadhyaya
- Comparative Political Analysis I: Approaches, Colonialism and Decolonization, Nationalism, State Theory and Political Regimes
- Comparative Political Analysis II: Constitutionalism and Emergency Powers, Democratisation, Development Theories, Power Structures and Political Actors
- International Relations I: Approaches, State-Sovereignty-Security, and Conflict and Peace
- International Relations II: The United Nations, Globalisation and Political Economy, Regional Organisations, and Contemporary Challenges
- India's Foreign Policy I: Perspectives, Continuity and Change, and Relations with Major Powers
- India's Foreign Policy II: Engagement with the Multipolar World, the Neighbourhood, Negotiation Strategies and Contemporary Challenges
- Political Institutions in India I: Making of the Constitution, the Constituent Assembly, Its Philosophy and Constitutionalism in India
- Political Institutions in India II: Union Executive, Union Parliament, Judiciary, and Executive-Legislature in the States
- Political Institutions in India III: Federalism, the Election Commission, Local Government and Constitutional-Statutory Bodies
- Political Processes in India I: State, Economy and Development, Globalisation, Identity Politics and Social Movements
- Political Processes in India II: Civil Society Groups, Regionalisation, Gender and Politics, Political Parties and Electoral Politics
- Public Administration I: Meaning and Evolution, Approaches, and Theories from Scientific Management to New Public Management
- Public Administration II: Theories of Organization, Leadership and Motivation, Organisational Communication, and Managing Conflict
- Governance and Public Policy in India I: Governance, Accountability and Control, and Institutional Mechanisms for Good Governance
- Governance and Public Policy in India II: Grassroots Governance, Planning and Development, Public Policy Instruments, and Monitoring
📙 Paper-2 History (code 06)
- Negotiating the Sources, Food Production and the Indus/Harappa Civilization
- The Vedic Age, the Mahajanapadas and the Heterodox Sects
- From State to Empire: Magadha, Alexander and the Mauryas
- Post-Mauryan Regional Powers, the Gupta-Vakataka Age and Harsha
- Regional Kingdoms of Early Medieval India
- Early Medieval Polity, Agrarian Economy and Trade
- Early Medieval Religion, Society and the Debate on State Formation
- Sources of Medieval History and the Delhi Sultanate
- The Mughal Empire: Foundation, Expansion and Decline
- Vijayanagara, the Bahmanis and the Rise of the Marathas
- Medieval Administration: Sultanate, Mughal, Deccan and Maratha Systems
- Medieval Economy: Agriculture, Industry, Trade and Currency
- Medieval Society: Sufis, the Bhakti Movement, the Sikh Movement and Social Life
- Medieval Education, Fine Arts and Architecture
- Sources of Modern History, the Rise of European Powers and the Revolt of 1857
- Company and Crown Administration, Paramountcy and Constitutional Changes
- Colonial Economy: Trade, Agriculture and Industrial Decline
- Colonial Infrastructure, Urbanisation and Popular Movements
- Social Reform and the Indian Renaissance
- Rise of Indian Nationalism and the Indian National Congress
- Gandhian Mass Movements, the INA and the Road to Partition
- India After Independence
- The Scope and Method of History
- Historical Research Methodology
- Historiography: Schools and Theories
📕 Paper-2 Economics (code 01)
- Consumer Behaviour, Production-Cost Theory and Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
- Inflation and the Phillips Curve, Business Cycles, Monetary-Fiscal Policy and the Rational Expectations Critique
- Linear Algebra, Static Optimization, Input-Output and Linear Programming Models, and Difference-Differential Equations
- Components of Money Supply, the Central Bank and Commercial Banking
- Environment as a Public Good, Market Failure, the Coase Theorem and Cost-Benefit Analysis
- Non-Cooperative Game Theory, Market Structures and Factor Pricing
- Probability Theory, the Central Limit Theorem and Descriptive Statistics
- Theories of International Trade, Trade Under Imperfect Competition, and the Balance of Payments
- Instruments and Working of Monetary Policy, Non-Banking Financial Institutions, and Capital Market Regulation
- Theories of Population, Fertility-Mortality Measures, Age Structure and the Demographic Dividend, Life Tables and Migration
- General Equilibrium, Efficiency Criteria, Welfare Economics and Asymmetric Information
- Sampling and Statistical Inference, and Linear Regression Models with the BLUE Properties
- Exchange Rates, Gains from Trade and the Terms of Trade, and Trade Policy and Institutions
- Economic Growth versus Economic Development, and Theories of Economic Development
- India's Growth Pattern and Structure, and the Agriculture, Industry and Services Sectors
- National Income, Classical and Keynesian Output Determination, and the Consumption-Investment Functions
- The Identification Problem, Simultaneous Equation Models, Discrete Choice Models and Time Series Analysis
- Market Failure and Its Remedies, Market Regulation, and Public Revenue and Taxation
- Models of Economic Growth: Harrod-Domar, Solow, Robinson and Kaldor, and Technical Progress
- Rural and Urban Development, India's Foreign Trade, and Infrastructure Development
- The Multiplier and Accelerator, Demand for and Supply of Money, and the IS-LM Model
- Sets, Functions and Continuity, Sequences and Series, and Differential Calculus in Economics
- Public Expenditure, Public Debt Management, the Budget Multiplier and Fiscal Policy's Implications
- Indicators of Economic Development, Poverty and Inequality, and Social Sector Development
- Reforms in Land, Labour and Capital Markets, Centre-State Financial Relations and the FRBM Act, and Poverty, Inequality and Unemployment
💻 Paper-2 Computer Science and Applications (code 87)
- Mathematical Induction, Discrete Probability and Bayes' Theorem
- Optimization — Linear Programming, Integer Programming, Transportation, Assignment and PERT-CPM
- Register Transfer Language, Microoperations and Programming the Basic Computer
- Pipeline and Vector Processing, and Multiprocessors
- Language Design, Translation Issues and Elementary Data Types
- Programming in C
- Object-Oriented Programming and C++
- Web Programming
- Computer Graphics Fundamentals
- 2D and 3D Geometric Transformations, Viewing and Rendering
- Database Architecture and Enhanced Data Models
- Data Warehousing, Data Mining, Big Data and NoSQL
- System Software, Security and Virtual Machines
- Linux, Windows and Distributed Operating Systems
- Software Process Models and Requirements Engineering
- Software Design and Software Quality
- Software Testing and Configuration Management
- Advanced Trees: AVL, B-Tree, B+/B* Tree and Threaded Binary Trees
- Backtracking, Branch-and-Bound and Lower Bound Theory
- Complexity Theory: P, NP and NP-Completeness
- Selected and Advanced Algorithms
- Formal Language Foundations and Unsolvable Problems
- Data Communication Fundamentals
- Mobile Technology, Cloud Computing and IoT
- Search, Game Playing and Rational Agents
- Knowledge Representation and Expert Systems
- Planning, Natural Language Processing and Multi-Agent Systems
- Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic
- Genetic Algorithms
- Artificial Neural Networks
👥 Paper-2 Sociology (code 05)
- Classical Sociological Traditions: Durkheim, Weber and Marx
- Structure-Functionalism and Structuralism: Malinowski, Radcliffe-Brown, Parsons, Merton and Lévi-Strauss
- Hermeneutic and Interpretative Traditions: Mead, Mannheim, Schutz, Garfinkel, Goffman and Geertz
- Post-Modernism, Post-Structuralism and Post-Colonialism: Said, Bourdieu, Foucault, Habermas, Giddens and Castells
- Indian Thinkers: Gandhi, Ambedkar, Radhakamal Mukerjee, Ghurye, Srinivas and Irawati Karve
- Conceptualising Social Reality and Formulating Research Design
- Quantitative and Qualitative Methods, and the Techniques of Social Research
- Sociological Concepts: Structure, Culture, Network, Status, Identity, Community, Diaspora, Norms, Personhood and Power
- Social Institutions, and Social Change and Processes
- Social Stratification: Difference, Hierarchy and Inequality; Caste and Class; Gender, Sexuality and Disability; Race, Tribe and Ethnicity
- Rural and Peasant Society: Agrarian Structure, Land Relations, De-Peasantization and Peasant Movements
- Urban Society: Urbanism and Urbanization, Cities and Mega-Cities, Slums, the Middle Class and Urban Movements
- Political Processes in India: Nation and Border, Bureaucracy, Governance, Public Policy, Political Culture, Grass-root Democracy, Law, Gender and Development
- Social Movements and Protests: Theories, Factions and Pressure Groups, Identity Movements, Civil Society and Citizenship, NGOs, and Reservations and Politics
- Economy and Society I: Exchange and Gift, Mode of Production Debates, Property, State and Market, Models of Development, Poverty and Exclusion
- Economy and Society II: Factory and Labour, Gender and Work, Business and Family, Digital and Global Business, Tourism and Consumption
- Environment and Society I: Social and Cultural Ecology, Agriculture and Biodiversity, Indigenous Knowledge, Gender, Forests and Adivasis, Degradation and Migration
- Environment and Society II: Displacement and Rehabilitation, Water and Exclusion, Disasters, Pollution and Health, Climate Change and Environmental Movements
- Family, Marriage and Kinship I: Theoretical Approaches, Gender and Power, Inheritance and Authority, Sexuality and Reproduction, the Life Course and Emotions
- Family, Marriage and Kinship II: Emergent Forms of Family, Changing Marriage and Care, Family Laws, Domestic Violence and Honour Killing
- Science, Technology and Society I: Technological Development, Time and Space, Flows and Boundaries, Virtual Community and Media
- Science, Technology and Society II: E-Governance and Surveillance, Technology and Politics, the Digital Divide, Family, Health, Food and Cyber Crime
- Culture and Symbolic Transformations I: Signs and Symbols, Rituals and Beliefs, Material Culture, Moral Economy, Art and Aesthetics, Ethics and Morality
- Culture and Symbolic Transformations II: Religious Organizations and Piety, Commodification of Rituals, Communalism and Secularism, Pilgrimage, Religion and Economy, New Religious Movements
- Culture and Symbolic Transformations III: Education, Cultural Identity and Mobilization, Culture and Politics, Gender and the Body, Sports, and Culture and Environment
🌏 Paper-2 Geography (code 80)
- Geomorphology I: Endogenetic and Exogenetic Forces, Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics and Earth Movements
- Geomorphology II: Weathering and Denudation, the Geomorphic Cycle of Davis and Penck, Slope Development and Geomorphic Hazards
- Climatology I: The Atmosphere, Insolation and Heat Budget, Pressure and Winds, and Atmospheric Circulation
- Climatology II: Köppen and Thornthwaite, ENSO, Meteorological Hazards and Climate Change
- Oceanography: Relief of the Oceans, Temperature, Salinity and Density, Currents, Waves, Tides, Sea-Level Change, Tsunamis and Cyclones
- Geography of Environment I: Ecosystems and Human Ecology, Energy Flow, Biogeochemical Cycles, Environmental Ethics and Deep Ecology
- Geography of Environment II: Environmental Hazards, National Programmes and Policies, and International Treaties
- Population Geography I: Sources of Data, World Distribution and Growth, the Demographic Transition, and the Theories of Malthus, Sadler and Ricardo
- Population Geography II: Fertility and Mortality Analysis, Migration and its Models, Population Composition, and Population Policies
- Settlement Geography I: Rural Settlements and their Problems, the Origin of Towns (Childe, Pirenne, Mumford) and Urbanisation in Developed and Developing Countries
- Settlement Geography II: Urban Systems, Central Place Theory, Models of Urban Land Use, Global and Edge Cities, Segregation and Urban Poverty
- Economic and Agricultural Geography: Spatial Organisation of Economic Activities, Natural Resources and Energy Crises, Land Capability, Crop Combination, Von Thünen and Agricultural Productivity
- Industrial Geography: Classification and Location of Industries, the Theories of Weber, Hoover, Lösch, Pred and Smith, World Industrial Regions, Globalisation, Tourism and Knowledge Industries
- Geography of Transport and Trade: Spatial Interaction (Ullman and Hurst), Connectivity and Accessibility, Gravity Models, the WTO and World Trade Patterns
- Regional Development: Typology of Regions, World Regional Disparities, the Theories of Hirschman, Myrdal, Friedmann and Dependency, Global Economic Blocs and Social Movements in India
- Cultural and Social Geography: Culture, Cultural Ecology and Diffusion, Social Well-being, Social Groups in India, Disease Ecology, Nutrition and Health Care
- Political Geography: Boundaries and Frontiers, Heartland and Rimland, Federalism and Elections in India, Resource and Climate Geopolitics, the Indian Ocean and Regional Organisations
- Geographic Thought I: Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese and Indian Scholars; Varenius, Kant, Humboldt, Ritter, Schaefer and Hartshorne; and the Impact of Darwinian Theory
- Geographic Thought II: Contemporary Indian Geography, the Major Traditions, Dualisms, Paradigm Shifts and Perspectives from Positivism to Postmodernism
- Geographical Techniques I: Sources of Data, Types of Maps, Map-Making Techniques, Data Representation, GIS Data Models and Functions, DEM, Georeferencing and GIS Applications
- Geographical Techniques II: Remote Sensing — Electromagnetic Spectrum, Sensors, Platforms and Resolution, Image Interpretation, Photogrammetry, Digital Image Processing and Big Data — and GPS
- Geographical Techniques III: Statistical Methods — Central Tendency, Dispersion, Inequality, Sampling, Hypothesis Tests, Correlation, Indices, PCA and Cluster Analysis — and Morphometric Analysis
- Geography of India I: Physiographic Regions, Himalayan and Peninsular Drainage, Climate, the Monsoon Mechanism, Jet Streams, the Himalayan Cryosphere and Natural Resources
- Geography of India II: Population Characteristics and Policies, Agricultural Production and Crop Regions, Regional Variations, Agro-Climatic Zones, the Green Revolution, Food Security and the Right to Food
- Geography of India III: Industrial Development and Regions, Industrial Policies, Transport Networks, Internal and External Trade, Regional Development Planning, Globalisation and Natural Disasters
🧠 Paper-2 Psychology (code 04)
- Emergence of Psychology I: Psychological Thought in the Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism and Integral Yoga, and Academic Psychology in India
- Emergence of Psychology II: The Western Heritage, the Schools from Structuralism to Multiculturalism, the Four Founding Paths, and the Crisis of the Experimental Paradigm
- Emergence of Psychology III: Knowledge Paradigms — Ontology, Epistemology and Methodology; Western Paradigms from Positivism to Co-operative Enquiry; Indian Paradigms, Vidya and Avidya, and the Primacy of Self-Knowledge
- Research Methodology I: Meaning, Purpose and Dimensions of Research; Problems, Variables, Operational Definitions, Hypotheses and Sampling; Ethics; Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Paradigms; and the Methods of Psychological Research
- Research Methodology II: Central Tendency and Dispersion, the Normal Probability Curve, the t-Test and the Non-Parametric Tests, Power Analysis and Effect Size — Worked
- Research Methodology III: Product-Moment, Rank-Order, Partial and Multiple Correlation; the Special Correlations — Biserial, Point-Biserial, Tetrachoric and Phi; Simple and Multiple Regression; and Factor Analysis — Worked
- Research Methodology IV: Experimental Designs — Validity and its Threats, One-Way and Factorial ANOVA, Randomized Block, Repeated Measures and Latin Square Designs, Cohort and Time-Series Studies, MANOVA, ANCOVA and Single-Subject Designs
- Psychological Testing I: Types of Tests, Item Writing and Item Analysis, and Standardization — Reliability, Validity and Norms, Worked
- Psychological Testing II: Areas of Testing — Intelligence, Creativity, Neuropsychological, Aptitude, Personality and Interest; Attitude Scales; Computer-Based Testing; and Applications in Clinical, Organizational, Educational, Counselling and Military Settings
- Biological Basis of Behavior I: Sensory Systems, Neurons and the Neural Impulse, Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters, the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems, Neuroplasticity, and the Methods of Physiological Psychology
- Biological Basis of Behavior II: Muscles and Glands; the Biology of Hunger, Thirst, Sleep and Sex; the Limbic System and Hormonal Regulation of Emotion; and Genetics — Chromosomal Anomalies, Twin and Adoption Studies
- Attention and Perception I: Forms and Models of Attention; the Gestalt and Physiological Approaches to Perception; and Perceptual Organization — Figure and Ground and the Laws of Organization
- Perception II: Constancy and Illusions; Form, Depth and Movement; Motivation and Learning in Perception; Signal Detection Theory; Subliminal Perception, Information Processing, Culture, Perceptual Styles, Pattern Recognition and the Ecological Perspective
- Learning I: The Fundamental Theories of Thorndike, Guthrie and Hull, and Classical Conditioning — Procedure, Phenomena and Related Issues
- Learning II: Instrumental Learning — Phenomena, Paradigms and Theoretical Issues; Reinforcement Variables and Schedules; Behaviour Modification; Latent and Observational Learning; Discrimination Learning; and the Neurophysiology of Learning
- Verbal Learning, Memory and Forgetting: Ebbinghaus and the Verbal-Learning Tradition; Encoding, Storage and Retrieval; Sensory, Short-Term (Working) and Long-Term Memory; and the Theories of Forgetting
- Thinking: Associationist, Gestalt, Information-Processing and Feature-Integration Perspectives; Concept Formation; Reasoning; Language and Thought; Problem Solving; Decision-Making; and Metacognition
- Intelligence and Creativity: Spearman, Thurstone, Jensen, Cattell, Gardner, Sternberg, Goleman and the PASS Model of Das, Kar and Parrila; Creativity after Torrance, Getzels and Jackson, Guilford, and Wallach and Kogan; and the Intelligence–Creativity Relationship
- Personality: Biological and Socio-Cultural Determinants; the Psychoanalytic, Neo-Freudian, Social-Learning, Trait and Type, Cognitive, Humanistic, Existential and Transpersonal Approaches; Rotter's Locus of Control, Seligman's Explanatory Styles and Kohlberg's Moral Development
- Motivation: Instincts, Needs, Drives, Arousal, Incentives and the Motivational Cycle; Psychoanalytic, Ethological, S–R, Cognitive and Humanistic Approaches; Curiosity, Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking, Achievement, Affiliation and Power, Motivational Competence, Self-Regulation and Flow
- Emotion, Conflict, Stress and Coping: Physiological Correlates; the Theories of James–Lange, Cannon–Bard, Schachter and Singer, Lazarus and Lindsley; Emotion Regulation; Conflicts; Models of Stress, Type A, B, C and D Behaviour, and Stress-Management Strategies
- Social Psychology I: Nature, Scope and History; Field Theory, Cognitive Dissonance, Sociobiology, Psychodynamic Approaches and Social Cognition; Social Perception — Communication and Attribution; Attitudes and their Change in Cultural Context; and Prosocial Behaviour
- Social Psychology II: Social Facilitation and Loafing; Conformity, Peer Pressure, Persuasion, Compliance, Obedience, Social Power and Reactance; Aggression; Group Dynamics and Leadership; Theories of Intergroup Relations; and Applied Social Psychology
- Human Development: Nature, Principles, Factors and Stages; Successful Aging; Psychoanalytic, Behaviouristic and Cognitive Theories; and Sensory-Motor, Cognitive, Language, Emotional, Social and Moral Development
- Psychopathology and Psychotherapies: the Concept of Abnormality, the Mental Status Examination, Classification in DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, Causes, and Sixteen Therapies from Psychoanalysis to Family Therapy
- Psychology in the School: Applying Theories of Motivation and Learning, Factors in Educational Achievement, Teacher Effectiveness, Guidance in Schools — Needs, Organisational Set-Up and Techniques — and Counselling Process, Skills and Techniques
- Emerging Areas I: Gender, Poverty, Disability and Migration; Cultural Bias and Discrimination; Stigma, Marginalisation and Social Suffering; Child Abuse and Domestic Violence; and Peace Psychology
- Emerging Areas II: Hedonic and Eudaimonic Wellbeing, Character Strengths, Resilience and Post-Traumatic Growth; Health Behaviours, Lifestyle and Chronic Disease, and Psychoneuroimmunology; and the Psychology–Technology Interface
🏛️ Paper-2 Public Administration (code 14)
- Introduction to Public Administration: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Significance; Evolution of the Discipline; the Politics–Administration Dichotomy; Globalization; and the Shift from Government to Governance
- Principles of Organization: Division of Work, Hierarchy, Coordination, Unity of Command, Span of Control, Authority and Delegation, Line and Staff, Leadership, Decision-making and Communication
- Personnel Administration: Meaning, Nature and Scope; Classification, Recruitment, Training, Promotion, Compensation and Discipline; Neutrality, Anonymity and Commitment; Associations and Unionism
- Administrative Thought I: the Oriental Approach of Kautilya and the Classical School — Taylor, Fayol, Weber, Gulick and Urwick
- Administrative Thought II: Human Relations (Mayo, Follett), Behaviouralism (Barnard, Simon), Motivation (Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor) and Organizational Humanism (Argyris, Likert)
- Administrative Thought III: Waldo, Heady, Golembiewski and Drucker; the Minnowbrook Perspective, the New Public Service and Post-Modernism
- Indian Administration I: Evolution from the Ancient, Mughal and British Periods; the Constitutional Framework; the Union Executive — President, Prime Minister, Cabinet Committees, Secretariats and the PMO; the Election Commission; Union–State Relations
- Indian Administration II: Legislative, Executive and Judicial Accountability; Lokpal, Lokayukta, the Central Vigilance Commission and Regulatory Authorities; Politician–Civil Servant Relations, the Generalist–Specialist Debate and Combating Corruption; the Civil Services and their Reform
- Indian Administration III: Planning — the Planning Commission, NDC, NITI Aayog and State Planning Boards; the Judiciary — Independence, Judicial Review, PIL and Reform; Police Administration and Reform; E-Governance Initiatives
- State and District Administration: the Governor, Chief Minister and Council of Ministers; the Chief Secretary, State Secretariat, Directorates and Commissionerates; the District Collector; Autonomous District Councils and the DRDA; the Evolution of Local Governance
- Local Governance: the 73rd and 74th Amendments; State Election and Finance Commissions and District Planning Committees; Rural Governance, PRI Finance and Personnel, and MGNREGA; Urbanisation, Municipal and Metropolitan Governance, Urban Finance and Reforms
- Comparative Public Administration: Concept, Scope and Significance; Administration and its Environment; Institutional, Behavioural, Structural-Functional, Ecological and Systems Approaches; Riggs's Typology and the Prismatic-Sala Model; Problems of Comparative Research; the UK, USA, France and Japan
- Development Administration: Development and Modernization; Sustainable Development, Anti-Development and the SDGs; Concept, Features and Ecology of Development Administration; Riggs, Waldo and Weidner; Bureaucracy, Globalization, Non-State Actors, PPPs, CSR, Human Development Indicators and Social Audit
- Economic Administration: from the Mixed Economy to LPG and the New Economic Policy; Industrial Policy since Independence; Public Enterprises — Concept, Growth, Forms, Management, Accountability and Autonomy; Disinvestment Policy
- Financial Administration: Nature and Scope; the Budget and the Budgetary Process; PPBS, Performance, Zero-Based and Gender Budgets; the FRBM Act and Sunset Legislation; Fiscal Federalism and the Finance Commission; Legislative and Executive Control, Parliamentary Committees and the CAG; Taxation
- Social Welfare Administration I: Social Welfare, Social Justice and Social Change; Equity and Inclusiveness; Affirmative Action and Reservations; the Institutional Arrangement for Welfare and Justice Administration; NGOs, Civil Society and Voluntary Agencies
- Social Welfare Administration II: Policies, Programmes and Institutions for SCs, STs, OBCs, Women, Children, the Aged, Persons with Disabilities and Minorities; the National Commissions; Disaster Management — Types, Institutions and the Role of State and Non-State Actors
- Public Policy I: Nature, Scope and Importance; the Evolution of Public Policy and the Policy Sciences; Process, Positivist, Phenomenological, Participatory and Normative Approaches; the Models of Lasswell, Lindblom and Dror
- Public Policy II: Institutions of Policy-Making; Types of Policy Analysis; Implementation, Outcomes and Evaluation; Socio-Economic, Political, Institutional and Cultural Constraints; Media, Public Opinion, Civil Society and Pressure Groups
- Governance and Good Governance I: Kautilya, Plato and Aristotle; Elements and Forms of Good Governance; the World Bank and UNDP; State, Market and Civil Society; Public Choice, New Public Management, Public Value and Governance as Theory; Rule of Law, Administrative Law, Delegated Legislation, Administrative Adjudication and the Ethical Foundations of Governance
- Governance and Good Governance II: Networked and Collaborative Governance; Business Process Re-engineering; E-Government, E-Governance, E-Readiness and the Digital Divide; Accountability, Openness and Transparency; Gender and Governance; Civil Society, Citizen Participation, the RTI Act, Information Commissions and Citizen's Charters
- Research Methodology I: Social Science Research; Methodology and Method; Facts and Values; Research and Theory-Building; the Scientific Method and Objectivity; Types of Research; the Research Problem; Hypotheses, Null Hypotheses and their Validation
- Research Methodology II: Research Design; Primary and Secondary Data — Observation, Questionnaire, Interview, Library and Internet; Sampling and Sampling Techniques; Scales of Measurement; Analysis of Data and SPSS; Citation Patterns, Research Ethics, Bibliography and Report Writing
⚖️ Paper-2 Law (code 58)
- Jurisprudence I: Nature and Sources of Law, the Schools of Jurisprudence, and Law and Morality
- Jurisprudence II: Rights and Duties, Legal Personality, Property, Ownership and Possession, Liability, Law, Poverty and Development, Global Justice, and Modernism and Post-Modernism
- Constitutional Law I: The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, and the Directive Principles of State Policy
- Constitutional Law II: The Executive, the Legislature and the Distribution of Powers, the Judiciary, Emergency, Special Provisions and the Election Commission
- Administrative Law: Nature, Scope and Importance, the Principles of Natural Justice, and the Grounds of Judicial Review of Administrative Action
- Public International Law I: Definition, Nature and Basis, Sources, Recognition, Nationality, Refugees and IDPs, and Extradition and Asylum
- Public International Law II: The United Nations and its Organs, Settlement of International Disputes, the WTO, and International Humanitarian Law and its Implementation
- Law of Crimes I: General Principles of Criminal Liability, Stages of Crime and Inchoate Offences, and the General Exceptions, under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
- Law of Crimes II: Offences against the Human Body, and Offences against Women and Children
- Law of Crimes III: Offences against the State and Terrorism, Offences against Property, Drug Trafficking and Counterfeiting, Offences against Public Tranquillity, and Punishment and Victim Compensation
- Law of Torts I: Nature and Definition, General Principles of Liability, General Defences, Negligence, Nuisance, Trespass and Defamation, and Remoteness of Damage
- Law of Torts II: Strict and Absolute Liability, Tortious Liability of the State, the Consumer Protection Act 2019, the Motor Vehicles Act 1988 and the Competition Act 2002
- Commercial Law I: Essential Elements of Contract and E-Contracts, Void and Voidable Agreements, Breach and Frustration, Standard Form Contracts and Quasi-Contracts
- Commercial Law II: Bailment, Pledge, Indemnity, Guarantee and Agency; the Sale of Goods Act 1930; Partnership and the LLP; and the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881
- Commercial Law III: Company Law under the Companies Act 2013 — Incorporation, Prospectus, Shares and Debentures, Directors and Meetings — and Corporate Social Responsibility
- Family Law I: Sources and Schools, Marriage and its Dissolution, Matrimonial Remedies and Theories of Divorce, Live-in Relationships, and Recognition of Foreign Matrimonial Decrees
- Family Law II: Maintenance, Dower and Stridhan; Adoption, Guardianship and Acknowledgement; Succession and Inheritance; Will, Gift and Wakf; and the Uniform Civil Code
- Environment Law: Environment and Pollution, International Environmental Law and the UN Conferences, the Constitutional and Legal Framework, EIA and Hazardous Waste, and the National Green Tribunal
- Human Rights Law: Concept and Development, Universalism and Cultural Relativism, the International Bill of Rights, Group Rights, and Protection and Enforcement in India
- Intellectual Property I: Concept and Theories, the International Conventions, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, and the Law of Patents
- Intellectual Property II and IT Law: Trade Marks, Geographical Indications, Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge, the Information Technology Act 2000, Cyber Crimes and Adjudication, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023
- Comparative Public Law I: Comparative Method, Forms of Government, Models of Federalism, the Rule of Law and the Separation of Powers
- Comparative Public Law II: Judicial Independence, Activism and Accountability; Systems of Constitutional Review; Constitutional Amendment; the Ombudsman; and Open Government and the Right to Information
🦉 Paper-2 Philosophy (code 03)
- Classical Indian Philosophy I: Vedic and Upaniṣadic Thought, Cārvāka and Jainism
- Classical Indian Philosophy II: Buddhism, from the Four Noble Truths to the Four Schools and Tibet
- Classical Indian Philosophy III: Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika
- Classical Indian Philosophy IV: Sāṃkhya, Yoga and Pūrva-Mīmāṃsā
- Classical Indian Philosophy V: The Schools of Vedānta
- Classical Western Philosophy I: The Pre-Socratics, the Sophists, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
- Classical Western Philosophy II: Medieval Philosophy and the Rationalists (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz)
- Classical Western Philosophy III: The British Empiricists (Locke, Berkeley, Hume)
- Classical Western Philosophy IV: Kant's Critical Philosophy and Hegel's Absolute Idealism
- Indian Ethics I: Puruṣārtha, Dharma, Duty and the Ethics of the Gītā and Mīmāṃsā
- Indian Ethics II: Karma, Ṛta and Satya, Yogakṣema, Aṣṭāṅga Yoga, and Jaina, Buddhist and Cārvāka Ethics
- Western Ethics I: Basic Concepts, Teleology and Deontology, Egoism, Relativism and Intuitionism
- Western Ethics II: Kant, Utilitarianism, Theories of Punishment and the Cognitivism Debate
- Contemporary Indian Philosophy I: Vivekananda, Aurobindo, Iqbal, Tagore, K. C. Bhattacharyya and Radhakrishnan
- Contemporary Indian Philosophy II: Krishnamurti, Gandhi, Ambedkar, Deendayal Upadhyaya, M. N. Roy and Maulana Azad
- Contemporary Indian Philosophy III: Narayana Guru, Thiruvalluvar, Jyotiba Phule, Bhima Bhoi and Dayananda Saraswati
- Recent Western Philosophy I: Frege, Logical Positivism, Moore and Russell
- Recent Western Philosophy II: Wittgenstein, Ryle, Ayer, Quine, and Grice and Strawson
- Recent Western Philosophy III: Phenomenology and Existentialism (Husserl, Heidegger, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty)
- Recent Western Philosophy IV: Pragmatism (James, Dewey) and Post-Modernism (Nietzsche, Rorty, Levinas)
- Indian Social and Political Philosophy I: The Mahābhārata, Kauṭilya and Kāmandaki
- Indian Social and Political Philosophy II: Constitutional Morality, Secularism, Rights, Social Justice, Social Institutions and Colonialism
- Western Social and Political Philosophy I: Plato, the Social Contract, Berlin on Liberty and Williams on Equality
- Western Social and Political Philosophy II: Liberal Theories of Justice (Rawls, Nozick, Dworkin, Sen) and Marxism
- Western Social and Political Philosophy III: Communitarianism, Multiculturalism and Feminism
- Logic I: Truth and Validity, Terms and Propositions, the Laws of Thought, the Square of Opposition and the Categorical Syllogism
- Logic II: Truth-Functions, Truth Tables, the Shorter Truth-Table Method and Proofs of Validity
- Logic III: Quantification and Its Rules, Axiomatic Systems, Fallacies, and Deduction and Induction
- Applied Philosophy I: Philosophy of Technology, the Ethics of New Technologies and Environmental Ethics
- Applied Philosophy II: Medical, Professional, Media and Legal Ethics, and Philosophical Counselling
🏠 Paper-2 Home Science (code 12)
- Food Science I: Food Science and Nutrition, Properties of Food, Quality Evaluation, Effects of Cooking and Processing, Preservation, and Pigments and Additives
- Food Science II: Food Standards, Microbiological Safety, HACCP and Packaging, Menu Planning and Food Costing, New Product Development, Institutional Food Service, and Research Fundamentals and Ethics
- Nutrition and Dietetics I: Food Groups, the Balanced Diet and Food Guides, Macro- and Micronutrients, Deficiencies, and Nutrient Requirements for Indians
- Nutrition and Dietetics II: Public Health Nutrition, Nutrition through the Life Span, Community, Sports and Emergency Nutrition, and Nutritional Assessment
- Nutrition and Dietetics III: Nutrition Policies and Programmes, Food and Nutrition Security, Clinical and Therapeutic Nutrition, Diet Counselling, and Research Designs
- Textiles I: Textile Terminology, Classification and Identification of Fibres, Yarns and Weaves, Manufacture and Properties of Major Fibres, and Fabric Construction
- Textiles II: Textile Finishes, Dyeing and Printing Methods, and the Traditional Embroidered, Printed, Woven and Dyed Textiles of India
- Textiles III: Textile Testing and Quality Control, Textiles and the Environment, Recent Developments in Textiles and Apparel, and Types of Research
- Apparel Designing I: Body Measurements and Figure Types, Garment-Making Equipment and Sewing Machines, Elements and Principles of Design in Apparel, and Fashion Terminology, Cycles, Theories and Forecasting
- Apparel Designing II: Pattern Making, Apparel Manufacturing, Apparel Quality Testing, Care and Maintenance of Clothing, Selection of Clothing and Fabrics, and Hypothesis Testing
- Resource Management I: Management Concepts and Motivation, Decision Making, Functions of Management and the Family Life Cycle, Resources and Work Simplification, Natural Resources and the SDGs, and Money Management
- Resource Management II: Human Resource Management and Development, the Consumer, Consumer Protection and Standard Marks, Entrepreneurship, and Sampling
- Housing and Interior Design I: Design Fundamentals, Colour, Space Planning and House Plans, Building Regulations and Housing Finance, and Housing and the Environment
- Housing and Interior Design II: Energy as a Resource, Product Design, Ergonomics and Work Study, Furniture and Furnishings, and Research Tools, Scales, Reliability and Validity
- Child and Human Development I: Principles of Growth and Development, Pregnancy and Prenatal and Neonatal Development, Theories of Development, Early Childhood Care and Education, Influences on Personality, and Special Needs
- Child and Human Development II: Children at Risk, Adolescence and Youth, Early and Middle Adulthood, Ageing and Care Needs, and Types of Variables
- Family Studies I: Dynamics of Marriage and Family Relationships, Family Welfare, Domestic Violence and Marital Conflict, Parent and Community Education, and Family Disorganisation and Single-Parent Families
- Family Studies II: Families in Crisis and Family Therapy, Human Rights and the Rights of Children and Women, Guidance and Counselling across the Life Span, Health and Well-being, and Data Processing with Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
- Communication for Development I: Basics of Communication, Models, Communication Systems and Theories, the Concept, Theories and Measurement of Development, and Development Communication Approaches
- Communication for Development II: Role of Communication in Development and Writing for Development, Concerns of Development Communication, Advocacy and Behaviour Change Communication, Traditional, Modern and New Media, Development Communication Agencies, and Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests
- Extension Management I: History and Philosophy of Extension, Programme Management, Extension Methods and Audio-Visual Aids, Curriculum Development and Bloom's Taxonomy, and Non-Formal, Adult and Lifelong Education
- Extension Management II: Training, Skill Development and Capacity Building, Community Development and Its Support Structures, People's Participation and PLA, Development Programmes in India, and Scientific Report Writing
📚 Paper-2 Library and Information Science (code 59)
- Information and Communication I: Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom; the Information Life Cycle; the Role of Information; Information Science and the Information and Knowledge Society; and Communication with Trends in Scholarly Communication
- Information and Communication II: the Information Industry; IPR and Legal Issues; Plagiarism; the Right to Information Act and the Information Technology Act; and the National Knowledge Commission and the National Mission on Libraries
- Libraries in India I: Historical Development, Committees and Commissions; Types of Libraries; Library Legislation, the Press and Registration of Books Act and the Delivery of Books and Newspapers Act; and the Laws of Library Science
- Libraries in India II: the LIS Profession and its Ethics; Professional Associations and the Roles of UGC, RRRLF and UNESCO; LIS Education in India; Public Relations and Extension; Users, User Studies and User Education; and Information Literacy
- Information Sources I: Nature, Characteristics, Types and Formats; Primary, Secondary and Tertiary, Documentary and Non-Documentary Sources; and Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources in Print and Electronic Form
- Information Sources II: Reference Sources by Type; Electronic Information Resources; Bibliographic, Numeric, Full-Text, Multimedia and Open Access Databases; Institutional and Human Resources; and the Evaluation of Reference and Web Sources
- Information Services I: Community Information Services; Reference and Referral Services; CAS, SDI, Inter-Library Loan and Document Delivery; Mobile-Based Library Services; Web 2.0, Web 3.0 and Library 2.0; and Collaborative Services
- Information Services II: Web-Scale Discovery Services; National Information Systems and Networks; International Information Systems and Networks; and Library Resource Sharing and Consortia
- Knowledge Organisation I: the Universe of Knowledge and Modes of Formation of Subjects; Classification Theories, Canons and Principles; SKOS, Taxonomies, Folksonomy and Trends; and Mapping Subjects in DDC, UDC and CC
- Knowledge Organisation II: Cataloguing Canons and Principles, Centralised and Co-operative Cataloguing, CCC and AACR-II; ISBD, MARC 21, CCF, RDA, FRBR and BIBFRAME; ISO 2709, Z39.50 and Z39.71; and Dublin Core, METS, MODS and EAD
- Knowledge Organisation III: Indexing Systems and Techniques, Assigned and Derived, Pre-Coordinate and Post-Coordinate; Vocabulary Control; Abstracting, its Types and Guidelines; and Information Retrieval Systems, their Features, Components, Models and Evaluation
- Library Management I: Principles, Functions and Schools of Management; Book Selection, Acquisition, Technical Processing, Circulation, Serial Control, Maintenance and Stock Verification; and Preservation, Conservation and the Hazards to Library Materials
- Library Management II: Human Resource Management and the Staff Manual; Financial Management, Budgeting, Cost Analysis, Annual Reports and the Library Authority and Committee; Project Management with SWOT, PEST and PERT/CPM; and TQM, Six Sigma and the Evaluation of Library Services
- Library Management III: Library Buildings, Furniture and Equipment, Green Buildings, Information Commons, Makerspaces, Security and Safety; MIS, MBO, Change, Disaster and Crisis Management; Knowledge Management; and Marketing of Library Products and Services
- ICT in Libraries I: Character Representation (ASCII, ISCII, Unicode), Hardware, Storage and Input-Output Devices; System and Application Software; Programming and Web Languages; Telecommunication; and Wireless Communication
- ICT in Libraries II: Computer Networks and Topologies; the Internet, Browsers, the Web, E-mail and Search Engines; Internet Protocols and Standards; Hypertext, Multimedia, Video Conferencing and Virtual and Augmented Reality; and Data and Network Security
- Digital Libraries I: Library Automation and its Standards; Barcode, RFID, QR Code, Biometric and Smart Card Technologies; Digitisation; Digital Libraries, their Architecture, Standards, Formats and Protocols, and the DOI; and Digital Preservation
- Digital Libraries II: National and International Digital Library Initiatives; Institutional Repositories, ROAR, OpenDOAR and Sherpa Romeo; Content Management Systems; AI, Expert Systems, Robotics, SMAC and Cloud Computing; and Ontology, the Semantic Web, Linked Data, Big Data, Data Mining and Data Harvesting
- Research Methods in LIS: Concept, Types and Ethics; Historical, Descriptive, Experimental and Delphi Methods; Research Design, Hypothesis and Sampling; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Statistical Packages; and Report Writing, Style Manuals, Citation and Anti-Plagiarism Tools
- Metric Studies in LIS: Bibliometrics, Scientometrics, Webometrics and Altmetrics; the Laws of Lotka, Bradford and Zipf; Journal, Institutional and Author Impact Measures with the h-Index, g-Index and i10-Index Worked; and Trends in LIS Research
- Library and Information Systems I: Academic, Public, Special and Health Science Library and Information Systems
- Library and Information Systems II: Corporate, Agricultural and Engineering Systems; Archives, Museums and Oriental Libraries; Community Information Systems; and Services for Persons with Disability, Children and Women
📰 Paper-2 Mass Communication and Journalism (code 63)
- Journalism and Mass Communication I: Concepts, the History of Print and Electronic Media in India, Indian-Language Landmarks, Media and the Making of States, Media Criticism and Literacy, the Press Council and Press Commissions, Media Education and Media Policy
- Journalism and Mass Communication II: Models and Theories of Mass Communication, Normative Theories, the Administrative and Critical Traditions, Theories of Change, Technological Determinism, McLuhan and Marxist Approaches, and Information and Knowledge Societies
- Journalism and Mass Communication III: Indian Traditions of Communication from the Vedic Era to the Twenty-First Century; Western and Eastern Philosophical, Ethical and Aesthetic Perceptions; Media and Culture in a Globalised World; and Globalisation in India
- Communication for Development and Social Change I: Concept and Definition of Development Communication, the Role of Media and Journalism, Indian Society and Specific Audiences, Development and Social Change, Post-Colonial Conceptions, and the Dominant Paradigm with its Critique
- Communication for Development and Social Change II: Corporatisation of Development and CSR, Non-State Actors and Mass Campaigns, Paradigms and Discourse of Development Communication, Global Civil Society and the Public Sphere, the Global Communication System and National Policies, and the Communicators of Social Reform in India
- Reporting and Editing I: News Concepts, Determinants and Values, Structure and Perspectives; Reporting for Print, Radio, Television and Digital Media; Types of Reporting; National and International News Agencies and Feature Syndicates; Writing for Each Medium; and Translation and Transcreation
- Reporting and Editing II: Editing and Presentation for Print, Television and Digital Media; Journalism as a Profession; Reportage of Contemporary Issues and the Ethics of Reporting; the Critique of Western News Values and New Technology in Global Flows; and Niche Reporting
- Advertising and Marketing Communication I: Definition, Concept, Functions, Types and Evolution of Advertising; Standards and Ethics; Theories and Models of Communication in Advertising; Brand Management; and Advertising Management, the Agency, the Client and Media Planning and Budgeting
- Advertising and Marketing Communication II: Advertising and Creativity, Language and Translation; the Advertising Campaign and Marketing; and Advertising and Marketing Research
- Public Relations and Corporate Communication I: Definition, Concept and Scope; the History and Models of PR; the Structure of PR in the State, Public, Private and Non-Government Sectors; and the Tools and Techniques of PR and Corporate Communication
- Public Relations and Corporate Communication II: Crisis Communication and Crisis Communication Management; the Ethics of Public Relations; International Public Relations; and the Communication Audit
- Media Laws and Ethics I: The Concept of Law and Ethics in India and the World; the Constitution of India, its Historical Evolution and Relevance; and Freedom of Speech and Expression under Article 19(1)(a) with its Leading Cases
- Media Laws and Ethics II: Defamation, Sedition, Contempt of Court, Official Secrets, the Registration of Periodicals, Working Journalists and Wage Boards, Obscenity and its Tests, Indecent Representation of Women, the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, Parliamentary Privileges, and Famous Cases
- Media Laws and Ethics III: The Right to Information Act, Copyright and IPR, the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, the IT Act and Cyber Laws, the Cinematograph Act and Film Certification, the Press Council Act, ASCI and the Drugs and Magic Remedies Act; Regulatory Bodies; Guidelines and Codes; the Adversarial Role of the Media; and Human Rights
- Media Management and Production I: The Grammar of Electronic Media; Communication Design Theories and Practice; Media Production Techniques for Print and Electronic Media; and Digital Media Production Techniques
- Media Management and Production II: The Definition and Concept of Media Management; the Economics and Commerce of Mass Media in India; and the Principles and Management of the Media Industry after Liberalisation
- ICT and Media I: ICT and Media — Definition, Characteristics and Role; the Effects of Computer-Mediated Communication; the Impact of ICT on Mass Media and Digitisation; Social Networking; and the Economics and Commerce of Web-Enabled Media
- ICT and Media II: Mobile Adaptation and New-Generation Telephony in the Media; Ethics and New Media; ICT in Education and Development in India, Online Media and E-Governance; and Animation — Concepts and Techniques
- Film and Visual Communication I: Film and Television Theory; and the National Cinema Movements — Soviet Montage, German Expressionism, Italian Neorealism, the French and British New Waves, the Indian New Wave, Period Cinema and Cinema in the New Millennium
- Film and Visual Communication II: Film and Identity in Indian Film Studies; Leading Directors before and after Independence; the Evolution of Indian Cinema, its Commercial and "Non-Commercial" Genres and the Hindi Film Song; Indian Cinema in the Twenty-First Century; and Approaches to the Analysis of Indian Television
- Film and Visual Communication III: Visual Communication and Visual Analysis; the Basics of Film Language and Aesthetics; the Dominant Film Paradigm; and Indian Aesthetics and Poetics — the Theories of Rasa and Dhvani
- Communication Research I: Definition, Concepts, Constructs and Approaches to the Research Process; Research Designs — Classical, Experimental and Quasi-Experimental, Variables and Hypotheses; Types and Methods of Research; and Research in Journalism, PR, Advertising, Cinema, Television, the Internet and Children's Media, and in India
- Communication Research II: Levels of Measurement, Sampling, Validity, Reliability and Scaling; Methods and Tools of Data Collection, including Media-Specific Methods; Data Analysis and Statistical Tests; and Research Ethics, Report Writing and Plagiarism
🤝 Paper-2 Social Work (code 10)
- Nature and Development of Social Work I: Definition, Scope, Principles, Goals and Process; the Development of Professional Social Work in the United Kingdom, the United States and India; and the Social Reformers of the 19th and 20th Centuries
- Nature and Development of Social Work II: Social Work as a Profession in India, with its Values, Competencies and Codes of Ethics; Theories for Social Work Practice; the Changing Context of Practice; and Practice in Various Settings
- Society, Human Behaviour and Communities I: Sociological Concepts, Approaches to the Study of Society, Family, Religion and Stratification, and Rural, Urban, Tribal and Virtual Communities, Vulnerable Groups, Caste and Class, Read for Social Work Practice
- Society, Human Behaviour and Communities II: Normal and Abnormal Behaviour, the Life-Span Perspective with Developmental Tasks and Hazards, Psychoanalytic, Behavioural and Humanistic Theories of Personality, and Social Psychology from Perception and Attitudes to Collective Behaviour
- Social Work with Individuals and Groups I: Basic Concepts of Social Casework, from Social Roles and Social Functioning to the Person-in-Environment Fit, its Principles and Components, and the Diagnostic, Functional, Problem-Solving, Task-Centred and Radical Approaches
- Social Work with Individuals and Groups II: The Process and Techniques of Social Casework, from Intake to Termination, Hollis's Typology and the Techniques of Intervention, the Principles of Interviewing, and Casework Recording
- Social Work with Individuals and Groups III: Social Group Work, its Definition, Functions, Structure and Classification of Groups, Group Dynamics, Decision-Making and Leadership, the Stages of Group Development, Programme Media and Recording, and the Practice Sites of Casework and Group Work
- Social Work with Communities and Social Action I: Community Organisation, its Concept, Definition, Scope and History in India, the United Kingdom and the United States, Community-Based Organisations, Human and Social Capital, and the Process of Community Organisation
- Social Work with Communities and Social Action II: Approaches to Community Organisation Practice, with Rothman's Models, Strategies, Leadership Development, Partnerships and Coalitions; Social Action as a Method of Social Work; and the Models of Paulo Freire, Saul Alinsky and Liberation Theology
- Social Work with Communities and Social Action III: Social Movements, their Origin, Nature and Types, Theories of Movements and New Social Movements, Movement Analysis through Ideology, Structure, Leadership, Process and Outcomes, and the Ideology and Approach of Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. and Frantz Fanon
- Research in Social Work I, Quantitative Research: the Meaning, Nature and Scope of Social Science and Social Work Research, the Steps of Research from Problem to Report with Referencing, Citing and Paraphrasing, and Descriptive and Inferential Statistics with Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests
- Research in Social Work II, Qualitative and Mixed Methods: the Meaning and Tenets of Qualitative Research and its Difference from Quantitative Research, Designing Qualitative Research, its Methods from Field Study to Narratives, Managing and Analysing Qualitative Data, and the Components and Procedures of Mixed Methods Research
- Administration, Welfare and Development Services I: Social Welfare Administration, its Meaning, History, Principles, Nature and Types of Organisation; its Distinction from Public and Social Security Administration; the Registration of Welfare Agencies as Societies, Trusts, Section 8 Companies and under the FCRA; and the Structure of Welfare Administration
- Administration, Welfare and Development Services II: The Components of Administration from Planning and Staffing to Budgeting, Monitoring, Evaluation, Networking and Public Relations; Strategies and Mechanisms of Administration; and Fund-Raising, Grant-in-Aid, Resource Mobilisation, Financial Administration and Social Marketing
- Social Policy, Planning and Social Development I: Social Policy, its Concept, Goals, Scope, Context and Models and their Applicability in India; the Evolution of Social Policies and their Implementation for Marginalised and Vulnerable Sections; and the Process of Policy Formulation under a Changing Political Scenario
- Social Policy, Planning and Social Development II: Social Planning and its Relation to Economic Planning, the Five-Year Plans from 1951 to 2017 and the Planning Commission's Replacement by NITI Aayog, Social Development with its Models and Theories, and Sustainable Development, the Sustainable Development Goals and the Human Development Index
- Indian Constitution, Social Justice, Human Rights and Social Work Practice I: The Constitution's Characteristics, Preamble, Directive Principles and Key Articles; Social Justice, its Concept, History, Dimensions and Place as a Core Value of Social Work; Social Justice and Leadership; and the Instruments of Social Justice
- Indian Constitution, Social Justice, Human Rights and Social Work Practice II: The Concept and History of Human Rights, Declarations, Treaties and Protection Systems, Human Rights in India, the Human Rights Perspective in Social Work with Ethnic-Sensitive and Feminist Practice, and Work with Victims of Violations, UNHCR, the NHRC and International Agencies
- Areas of Social Work Practice I (Health Care): Medical and Psychiatric Social Work, their Evolution, Roles and Functions; Mental Health and Disease, with Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Neurotic, Stress-Related and Somatoform Disorders Mapped to DSM-5-TR and ICD-11, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, and Mental Health Legislation
- Areas of Social Work Practice I (Older Persons, Disability and Gender): Theories of Ageing, the Needs and Rights of Older Persons and the 2007 Act; Models of Disability, the Disability Movement and Milestones from Welfare to Rights, the RPwD Act 2016; and Gender and Development, Disparities, Gender-Based Violence and Safeguards
- Areas of Social Work Practice I (Labour Welfare, HRM and Industrial Relations): Industry as a Sub-System of Society, Labour Welfare, its Theories, Principles and Legislation with the Four Labour Codes; HRM, HRD, Performance Management, Six Sigma, ISO, TQM, CSR and Corporate Governance; and Industrial Relations, the ILO, Collective Bargaining, Job Analysis, Manpower Planning and OD
- Areas of Social Work Practice II (Social Defence and Correctional Services): Social Defence, its Philosophy and Changing Dimensions, Children in Need of Care and Protection and in Conflict with Law, Street and Working Children, Probation and Parole; and the Legislation and Criminal Justice System, Taught as the Law Now Stands
- Areas of Social Work Practice II (Families and Children): Family Functions, Developmental Stages and Patterns, Family Dynamics and Olson's Circumplex, the McMaster and Structural Models; Child Development and the State of Children in India; and Policies, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, Female Foeticide, Adoption, Foster Care, Guardianship and Child Marriage
- Areas of Social Work Practice II (Environment and Disaster Management): Causes and Consequences of Environmental Degradation, its Differential Impact, the Environment as a Human Right, Environmental Movements and Social Work; and Hazard, Risk, Vulnerability and Disaster, Forms and Impact of Disasters, Disaster Management Initiatives and Pre- and Post-Disaster Interventions
🏃 Paper-2 Physical Education (code 47)
- Foundations of Physical Education I: Physical and Adapted Physical Education, the Philosophies of Education Applied to Physical Education, the Development of Physical Education in Greece, Rome, Sweden, Russia, England, Denmark, Germany, the USA, Australia and China, its Growth in India, and Recreation and Wellness
- Foundations of Physical Education II: Teaching Aptitude in Physical Education, its Nature, Objectives and Characteristics, Learner Characteristics and Teaching Methods, and the Social Aspects of Sport, with Sport as a Socialising Agency, Social Values, Sports Leadership, Sport as Cultural Heritage and the Social Aspects of Competition
- Foundations of Physical Education III: the Ancient and Modern Olympic Games, the Asian and Commonwealth Games, the Structure and Functions of the International and National Bodies Controlling Games and Sports, and Prominent Honours and Awards in Games and Sports
- Exercise Physiology I: the Scope and Importance of Exercise Physiology, Cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Short-Term and Long-Term Physical Activity, Muscle Types, Characteristics and Functions, the Microscopic Structure of the Muscle Fibre, the Sliding Filament Theory, Muscle Fibre Types and Sports Performance, and Muscular Adaptations to Exercise
- Exercise Physiology II: the Neuromuscular Junction and the Transmission of the Nerve Impulse, the Kinaesthetic Sense Organs and the Neural Control of Motor Skills, the Biochemistry of Exercise, Aerobic and Anaerobic Systems at Rest and in Exercise, Direct and Indirect Measurement of the Energy Cost of Exercise, the Recovery Process and the Nutritional Aspects of Performance
- Exercise Physiology III: Environmental Influences on Human Physiology in Exercise, Women in Sport, their Trainability, Physiological Sex Differences and the Special Problems of Women Athletes, Ageing and Healthful Ageing, the Physiological Responses to Therapeutic Modalities and Rehabilitation, Ergogenic Aids and Massage
- Kinesiology and Biomechanics I: Meaning and Modern Trends, the Planes and Axes of the Human Body, Joints and their Movements, the Origin, Insertion, Action and Leverage of the Principal Muscles Used in Sports, and Mechanical Advantage and the Applications of Levers in Sports
- Kinesiology and Biomechanics II: the Laws of Motion and their Application in Sports, Projectiles and the Principles of Projection, Linear and Angular Kinematics and Kinetics, Friction, Spin, Impact and Elasticity, and Air and Water Dynamics
- Kinesiology and Biomechanics III: Equilibrium and Stability, Posture and its Deformities with their Corrective Exercises, and the Kinesiological, Muscular and Mechanical Analysis of Fundamental Movements and of Major Sports Skills
- Sports Psychology I: its Importance in Physical Education and Sports, Motivation in Sports, its Types, Theories and Dynamics, the Psychological Factors Affecting Sports Performance, Emotions, Anxiety, Aggression, Stress, Self-Confidence, Concentration, Mental Practice and Goal Setting, and Personality, its Theories and Measurement
- Sports Psychology II: Group Dynamics, Group Cohesion and Leadership in Sports, Cognitive Processes, Memory and Thinking, the Principles of Motor Skill Learning, the Transfer of Training and its Types, Long-Term and Short-Term Psychological Preparation for Competition, Psychological Skill Training for Activation and Relaxation, and Spectators and Sports Performance
- Professional Preparation I: the Development of Teacher Education for Physical Education in India, a Comparison with the USA, Russia, Germany, Australia and the UK, Professional Courses and the Government Agencies that Monitor them, the Qualities, Qualifications and Responsibilities of Physical Education Personnel, Recent Government Policies, the Organisational Hierarchy and the Role of the Public and Private Sectors
- Professional Preparation II: Curriculum Development in Physical Education, its Concepts and Principles, Subject Matter for Primary, Secondary and Higher Education, Curriculum Design and Content with Reference to Age, Sex and Differently Abled Pupils, the Integrated Programme for Boys and Girls, Teaching Aids, the Time-Table and the Credit System, the Impact of Technology, and Curriculum Evaluation
- Health Education I: Health, its Objectives and Spectrum, Health Education and its Principles, the Role of Genetics and Environment, Health-Related Physical Fitness, Community Health Programmes, Health Appraisal and Health Instruction, Health-Promoting Agencies, the School Health Programme, Personal Hygiene, and Communicable Diseases with their Prevention and Immunisation
- Health Education II: Psychosomatic and Sedentary Lifestyle Diseases, Obesity and Body Weight Control with the Roles of Exercise and Diet, First Aid and its Principles for Shock, Poisoning, Burns, Drowning, Bleeding, Electric Shock and Common Sports Injuries, Pollution and its Effects on Health, Nutrition, Deficiencies and Supplements, and the Effects of Smoking, Alcohol and Drugs
- Sports Training I: the Characteristics and Principles of Sports Training, Training Load, its Features, Principles and the Adaptation Process, the Means and Methods of Executing Training Load, and Overload and Overtraining, their Causes, Symptoms and Remedial Measures
- Sports Training II: the Motor Abilities, Strength, Endurance, Speed, Flexibility and Coordinative Abilities, with the Characteristics, Types and Determining Factors of Each and the Methods of Developing It
- Sports Training III: Technique and Skill, the Stages of Technique Development and Technique Training, Tactics and Strategy, Planning and its Types, Periodisation, its Objectives and Types, the Preparatory, Competition and Transitional Periods, the Types of Competition, and Talent Identification
- Research in Physical Education I: Importance and Classification, Ethical Issues, Descriptive, Historical and Experimental Methods and Experimental Designs, the Research Problem, Hypotheses and their Testing, Tools of Research, Literature Search and Critical Reading, and the Preparation of the Research Proposal, Report, Abstract and Papers
- Research in Physical Education II: Sampling Techniques, Data and its Types, the Normal Probability Curve and Grading Scales, Statistical Processes and their Uses, Parametric and Non-Parametric Techniques, and Computer Applications including SPSS
- Test, Measurement and Evaluation I: their Types and Importance in Physical Education and Sports, the Principles and Processes of Evaluation, the Criteria for Selecting a Test and the Administration of a Testing Programme, the Types of Test and the Construction of Standard Knowledge and Skill Tests, and the Sports Skill Tests for Badminton, Basketball, Football, Hockey, Tennis and Volleyball
- Test, Measurement and Evaluation II: Tests of Physical Fitness, Motor Fitness, Motor Ability and Motor Educability, Health-Related Fitness Tests, and Tests of the Fitness Components, Strength, Endurance, Speed, Flexibility and Coordinative Abilities, with the Harvard Step Test Worked
- Test, Measurement and Evaluation III: Anthropometric Measurements, Landmarks and the Measurement of Body Segments, Height, Sitting Height, Weight, Diameters, Circumferences and Skinfolds, the Body Mass Index and Ponderal Index, Somatotype and Posture Evaluation, the Testing of Physiological Phenomena, and Tests for Psychological Variables
- Management in Physical Education I: Management, its Principles and Theories, its Scope in Physical Education and Sports, the Guiding Principles for Organising Programmes in Institutions, Personnel Management with Self-Appraisal, Communication, Time Management and the Essential Skills of Administration, and Financial Management with Budgeting, the Mechanics of Purchase and Auditing
- Management in Physical Education II: Supervision, its Objectives, Principles and Techniques, Facility Management and the Management of Records, the Roles, Skills and Qualities of a Sports Manager, Event Management from Planning to Follow-Up with Tournament Fixtures, and Public Relations and the Mass Media
🌿 Paper-2 Environmental Sciences (code 89)
- Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences I: Definition, Principles and Scope, the Structure and Composition of the Four Spheres, Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer and Material Balance, and Meteorological Parameters, Lapse Rates and Wind Roses
- Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences II: Earth, Man and Environment, Biogeographic Provinces and the Agro-Climatic Zones of India, Sustainable Development, Natural Resources, Remote Sensing and GIS, and Environmental Education and Ethics
- Environmental Chemistry I: The Classification of Elements, Stoichiometry, Gibbs Energy and Chemical Potential, Kinetics and Equilibria, the Solubility of Gases in Water, the Carbonate System, Hydrocarbons and Radioisotopes
- Environmental Chemistry II: Atmospheric Chemistry — Particles, Ions and Radicals, Chemical Speciation, the Formation of Particulate Matter, Thermochemical and Photochemical Reactions, Oxygen and Ozone Chemistry, Photochemical Smog, and CO, O₃, PAN, VOCs, POPs and Carcinogens in the Air
- Environmental Chemistry III: Water and Soil Chemistry — the Hydrological Cycle and Water as a Solvent, DO, BOD and COD, the Chemistry of Coagulation, Sedimentation and Filtration, pH and Redox Potential, Soil Components and the Nitrogen, Carbon, Phosphorus and Sulphur Cycles, and Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Metalloids
- Environmental Chemistry IV: The Principles of Analytical Methods — Titrimetry, Gravimetry, Bomb Calorimetry, Chromatography (Paper, TLC, GC, HPLC), Flame Photometry, Spectrophotometry (UV-VIS, AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS), Electrophoresis, XRF, XRD, NMR, FTIR, GC-MS, SEM and TEM
- Environmental Biology I: Ecology as an Interdisciplinary Science, the Origin of Life and Speciation, Human Ecology, Ecosystem Structure and Function, Energy Flow, Succession, Ecotones, Niches, Stability and Services, the Types of Ecosystem and the Biomes
- Environmental Biology II: Population Ecology — Characteristics, Carrying Capacity, Growth and Regulation, Fluctuations, Dispersion and Metapopulations, r- and K-Species and Keystone Species — and Community Ecology, Interactions and Biological Invasions
- Environmental Biology III: Biodiversity and its Conservation — Types, Values and Threats, Hotspots, Measures of Diversity, In Situ, Ex Situ and In Vitro Conservation, Protected Areas and Sacred Groves, Gene Pools, Biopiracy and Bioprospecting, Restoration Ecology, Threatened Species of India, and Industrial Ecology
- Environmental Biology IV: Toxicology and Microbiology — Absorption, Distribution, Biotransformation and Excretion, Acute and Chronic Toxicity, Bioassay, TLV, Margin of Safety and Therapeutic Index, Water-Borne Diseases and Airborne Microbes — and Environmental Biotechnology: Bioremediation, Bioindicators, Biofertilisers, Biofuels and Biosensors
- Environmental Geosciences I: The Origin of the Earth and its Differentiation, Minerals and Rocks, Tectonic and Climatic Controls on Landforms, Steady State and Equilibrium, the Earth's Energy Budget and Seasons, the Forces that Drive the Wind, the Climates of India with the Monsoon, Western Disturbances, Droughts and ENSO, Residence Time and Geophysical Fields
- Environmental Geosciences II: Weathering, Erosion, Transport and Deposition, Soil Formation, Clay Minerals, Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Soil Types and Cation Exchange Capacity, the Geochemical Classification and Abundance of Elements, Partitioning and Recycling, and Palaeoclimate
- Environmental Geosciences III: Hydrology and Hydrogeology, the Basins and Groundwater Provinces of India, Darcy's Law, Hydraulic Conductivity, Fluctuations, Tracers, Subsidence, Over-Use and Pollution of Groundwater, the Ghyben-Herzberg Relation, Resource Exploitation and Conservation, and Natural Hazards
- Energy and Environment I: The Sun and its Spectrum, the Fossil Fuels — Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas — with Shale Oil, Coal Bed Methane and Gas Hydrates, Gross and Net Calorific Value, and Nuclear Fission, Fusion, Fuels and Reactors
- Energy and Environment II: Hydropower, Tidal Energy, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Wind, Geothermal and Solar Energy (Collectors, Photovoltaics and Solar Ponds), Bioenergy, and the Environmental Implications of Energy Use — Energy Patterns, CO₂ Emissions, Radiative Forcing and the Impacts of Large-Scale Energy Exploitation
- Environmental Pollution and Control I: Air Pollution — Sources and Types, Criteria Pollutants, Sampling and Monitoring of Ambient Air and Stack Emissions, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Impacts on Health, Plants and Materials, Acid Rain, and Dispersion: Mixing Height, Lapse Rates and the Gaussian Plume, Line and Area Source Models
- Environmental Pollution and Control II: Air Pollution Control — Settling Chambers, Cyclones, Wet Collectors, Fabric Filters and Electrostatic Precipitators, Control of Gaseous Pollutants, Indoor Air Pollution, Vehicular Emissions and Urban Air Quality — and Noise Pollution: Weighting Networks, Noise Indices, Noise Dose, Standards, Control and Vibration
- Environmental Pollution and Control III: Water Pollution — Types, Sources and Impacts, Sampling and Analysis of Water Quality Parameters, Microbiological Analysis by MPN, the Indian Drinking Water Standard IS 10500:2012, Drinking Water Treatment, Primary, Secondary and Advanced Wastewater Treatment, and Common Effluent Treatment Plants
- Environmental Pollution and Control IV: Soil Pollution — Soil Properties and Quality Analysis, Industrial Effluents and Soil, Soil Micro-Organisms and the Degradation of Pesticides and Fertilisers, and Control — and Thermal Pollution and Heat Islands, Marine Pollution, its Abatement and Coastal Management, and Radioactive Pollution, Radiation Standards and Protection
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management I: Municipal Solid Waste — Types, Sources, Characteristics, Generation and Composition, Proximate and Ultimate Analysis, Collection and Transport by Hauled and Stationary Container Systems, Routes and Transfer Stations, Processing and Recovery, Refuse-Derived Fuel, Composting, Vermicomposting and Biomethanation, and Disposal by Sanitary Landfill and Incineration
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management II: Hazardous Waste — Types, Characteristics and Health Impacts, Treatment by Neutralisation, Oxidation-Reduction, Precipitation, Solidification, Stabilisation and Incineration, and Final Disposal — and E-Waste, Fly Ash and Plastic Waste
- Environmental Assessment and Management: Aims of EIA, EIS and EMP, EIA Guidelines and Methodologies, Review of EIA, Life-Cycle and Cost-Benefit Analysis, Environmental Audit and Planning, ISO 14000, the EIA Notification 2006 and its Amendments, Eco-Labelling, and Risk Assessment
- Environmental Legislation in India: Articles 48A and 51A, the Wildlife, Forest, Biodiversity, Water, Air and Environment Protection Acts, the Motor Vehicles Act, the Waste, Chemical, Battery, Noise and Coastal Rules and Notifications, the Public Liability Insurance Act, and the National Forest, Water and Environment Policies — Taught as They Now Stand
- Environmental Conventions and Agreements: Stockholm 1972, the Montreal Protocol, the Conferences of Parties, Basel, Ramsar, the Rio Earth Summit and Agenda 21, the GEF, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol and the CDM, Johannesburg 2002, Rio+20, the Millennium Development Goals, Copenhagen 2009, and the IPCC, UNEP and IGBP
- Statistical Approaches I: Attributes and Variables, Scales of Measurement, Central Tendency and Dispersion, Standard Error, Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis, Probability, Sampling Theory, and the Normal, Log-Normal, Binomial, Poisson, t, χ² and F Distributions
- Statistical Approaches II and Modelling: Correlation, Regression, Tests of Hypothesis (t, χ² and ANOVA), Significance and Confidence Limits, Environmental Models, Validation and Forecasting, and the Lotka–Volterra and Leslie Matrix Models
- Contemporary Environmental Issues I: Biodiversity Loss, Climate Change, Ozone Depletion and Sea-Level Rise, International Efforts, the National Action Plan on Climate Change and Its Eight Missions, Adaptation, Energy and Food Security, and Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Credits
- Contemporary Environmental Issues II — India: Water Resource Projects (Narmada, Tehri, Almatti, Cauvery, Mahanadi) and Himalayan and North-Eastern Hydropower, Watersheds, Rainwater Harvesting and Groundwater Recharge, River Conservation (Namami Gange and the Yamuna Action Plan), Lake Restoration, Wetlands and Ramsar Sites, and Soil Erosion, Land Reclamation and Desertification
- Contemporary Environmental Issues III — India and the World: Forest Movements (Chipko, Appiko, Silent Valley, Gandhamardan) and People's Biodiversity Registers, Wildlife Conservation Projects, Swachh Bharat, Green Buildings and GRIHA, Vehicular Emission Norms, Fluorosis, Arsenicosis, Goitre and Dengue, and the Minamata, Love Canal, Bhopal, Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi Disasters
🧳 Paper-2 Tourism Administration and Management (code 93)
- Tourism Concepts I: Tourist, Visitor, Traveller and Excursionist, the Forms and Nature of Tourism, the History of Travel from the Ancient World to Mass Tourism, and the Models of Leiper, Mill-Morrison, Mathieson & Wall, Butler, Doxey, Crompton, Plog and Gunn
- Tourism Concepts II: The Tourism Industry and Its Network of Direct, Indirect and Support Services, the Components of Tourism, Horizontal and Vertical Integration, Liberalisation and Globalisation, the Impacts of Tourism, Seasonality, the Sociology of Tourism and Travel Motivators
- Tourism Concepts III: The Role and Functions of Tourism Organisations: UNWTO, IATA, ICAO, UFTAA, ASTA, PATA, WTTC and IHA; TAAI, IATO, FHRAI, ITDC, ICPB and the State Tourism Development Corporations; and the Airports Authority, the Archaeological Survey and the Ministries of Tourism, Culture, Railways and Civil Aviation
- Tourism Geography I: The Earth's Movements, Latitude and Longitude, the IATA Areas and Sub-Areas, City, Airport and Airline Codes, Time Zones, GMT and the International Date Line, Daylight Saving Time, and the Calculation of Local, Flying, Ground and Elapsed Time
- Tourism Geography II: The Climate and Vegetation of the Continents, Weather and Climate as Tourism Resources, the Physical Geography of India, Tourist Movements and Travel Propensity, and the Environment Act, EIA, EIS, EMS, Carrying Capacity and the Forest and Wildlife Laws
- Tourism Products of India I: The Nature of India's Tourism Products, Tourist Attractions and Their Classification, Indigenous and Colonial Heritage, Handicrafts, Fairs and Festivals, Classical and Folk Dance, Indian Music, Museums, Galleries and Libraries, Cuisine, Rituals and Dress
- Tourism Products of India II: Historical Monuments (Temples, Caves, Stupas, Monasteries, Forts and Palaces, Islamic and Colonial Architecture), the World Heritage Sites of India, the Major Religious Centres, and Places Linked to Legendary Figures and the Freedom Struggle
- Tourism Products of India III: National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries and Biosphere Reserves, Hill Stations and the Tourist Potential of the Himalaya, and the Beach Resorts of the Coastal States and Islands, Each by Location, Accessibility, Facilities, Amenities and Uniqueness
- Tourism Products of India IV: Emerging and Special-Interest Tourism: Medical, Wellness and Spa, Eco, Green, Wilderness, Adventure, Aqua-Based and Lighthouse; Rural, Agri, Farm, Countryside, Caravan, Indigenous, Textile, Culinary and Shopping; Fort, Buddhist, Sufi, Film, Golf, Industrial and Mining; and MICE Tourism
- Transportation I: The Evolution and Role of Transport in Tourism, the Road and Rail Networks of the World, Transport in India Past and Present, and Air Transport Regulation: Licensing, Weights and Capacities, Scheduled, Non-Scheduled and No-Frill Airlines, Open Skies, the Freedoms of the Air, International Conventions, IATA, ICAO, DGCA, AAI, GDS and the Airline Business
- Transportation II: Airline Fares and Ticketing: Types of Air Journey, the Mileage System (MPM, TPM, the Extra Mileage Allowance and Surcharge), the Higher Intermediate Fare Check, Add-on, Open-Jaw and Excursion Fares, NUC and ROE, the International Air Ticket, the Distribution of Ticket Sales, MCO, MPD and EMD, the Billing and Settlement Plan, and Air Charters
- Transportation III: Surface Transport (Approved Tourist Transport, Car Rental and Coach Operators, and the Documents of Road Transport: RTA, Permits, Contract and Stage Carriages, All India Permits, Maxi Cabs and Motor Cabs), the Railways of the World and Luxury Trains, Indian Railways for Tourists, and Water Transport from Ocean Liners to Cruises and India's Waterways
- Travel Agency and Tour Operation I: The History and Significance of the Travel Trade, Types of Travel Agent, Wholesaling and Retailing, Types of Tour Operator and Tour, Distribution Networks, Charter, Meeting, Incentive, Convention and Exhibition Business, and Starting, Recognising, Organising and Running an Agency
- Travel Agency and Tour Operation II: Types of Itinerary and Itinerary Planning, Tour Costing for FIT and GIT with Fixed and Variable Costs, Mark-Up and FOC, Confirmation, the Docket, Tour Vouchers and Reconfirmation, Operational Itineraries, Pick-Up and Drop Procedures, Guest Feedback and Its Analysis, Guides and Escorts, WATA, Suppliers, Agency Appointments and International Regulations
- Travel Agency and Tour Operation III: Travel Documentation: the Travel Information Manual, Passports and Visas, Health Certificates, Currency, Insurance and Cards, Customs; Citizenship, the Passports Act, FEMA, the Foreigners and Immigration Laws, RBI Guidelines and Criminal Law; Baggage, Lost Baggage, Dangerous Goods, Cargo Rates and Valuation Charges; Airport Automation; and Tour Brochures
- Hospitality and Accommodation I: The Distinctive Characteristics of the Hospitality Industry, Atithi Devo Bhava, Hotels and Other Lodging, Types of Hotels and Their Departments, Hotel Classification and the HRACC, Chain Operations, E-Hospitality, Accommodation Management, Fiscal and Non-Fiscal Incentives, and the Ethical, Regulatory and International Framework
- Hospitality and Accommodation II: The Front Office (Duties of Staff, Reservation and Registration, Types of Room and Bedding, Meal Plans, Room Assignment, Check-In, Methods of Payment, Types of Guest, Room Pricing, Occupancy, ADR and RevPAR) and Housekeeping (Functions, Liaison, Room Supplies, Bed Making and Service, Hierarchy and Duties)
- Hospitality and Accommodation III: Food Production Organisation and the Kitchen, Buffets, Beverage Operations, the Functions and Outlets of Food and Beverage, Menus, Service Styles and Room Service, Catering for Airlines, Banquets, Corporates, MICE, Retail, Industry, Healthcare and Clubs, Trends in Lodging and Food Services, and the F&B Hierarchy
- Tourism Marketing I: Goods and Services, the Characteristics of Services, Services Marketing, Types of Tourism Services, the Tourism Marketing Environment, Strategic Planning and the Marketing Process, Organising Marketing, Service Quality and the Gap Model, Marketing Research, Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning, Relationship Marketing and the Familiarisation Trip
- Tourism Marketing II: The P's of Tourism Marketing (Product, Place, Price, Promotion, Physical Evidence, People, Process and Packaging), Designing, Branding and Packaging the Tourism Product, the Product Life Cycle, Pricing Strategies, the Promotion Mix, Distribution Channels and Channel Conflict, and Global, Direct, Digital and Green Marketing, CSR, Marketing Ethics and Consumerism
- Tourism Marketing III: Destination Image Development, the Attributes of Destinations, Destination Resource Analysis, Image Formation and Its Agents, Measuring Destination Image (Structured and Unstructured), Destination Branding and the Unique Destination Proposition, Place Branding, Product Development and Packaging, and Institutional Support and Public–Private Partnership in Destination Marketing
- Tourism Planning and Policy: The Roles of Government, Public and Private Sectors and of International, National, State and Local Organisations, Thrust Areas and Special Tourism Areas, Sustainable, Pro-Poor and Responsible Tourism and Community Participation, Tourism Policy and the National Tourism Policy, Levels and Approaches of Planning and the PASOLP Method, the Five Year Plans, the Elements, Agents, Processes and Typologies of Development, State Policies, WTO Guidelines, Civic Bodies and Rural Tourism Planning
- Tourism Economics: Economic Systems and Tourism Development, Macro and Micro Perspectives, Tourism Demand and Supply and Their Determinants, Measuring and Forecasting Demand, Inflation, Recession, Savings and Investment, Exports and Imports, the Multiplier and Its Types, the Displacement Effect, the Costs and Benefits of Tourism, and Monetary Policy (Repo, Reverse Repo, SDF and CRR)
- Statistics for Tourism Research: Central Tendency, Dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis, Correlation and Regression (Scatter Plots, Lines of Best Fit, Pearson and Spearman, Bivariate and Multivariate Regression), Discrete and Continuous Distributions, the Normal and Sampling Distributions, and Hypothesis Testing with t, ANOVA, Chi-Square, Run, Sign, Wald–Wolfowitz, Kruskal–Wallis and Kolmogorov–Smirnov Tests
- Research Methods for Tourism: Research and Theory, Types and Methods of Research, Review of Literature, Variables and Measurement, Concepts, Constructs and Hypotheses, Sampling, Data Collection, Schedules, Questionnaires, Scales and Fieldwork, Qualitative Research (Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Case Study, Content Analysis, Phenomenology, Narrative Research, Mixed Methods), Multivariate Tools and Report Writing
- Management in Tourism Organisations: Managerial Processes, Functions, Skills and Roles, the Evolution of Management Thought, the Systems, Contingency and Operational Approaches, the External and Internal Environment of Managerial Decisions, and the Social Responsibilities of Business
- Understanding and Managing Individual and Group Behaviour, and Organisation Structure and Design: Personality, Perception, Learning, Values, Attitudes and Persuasion, Motivation, Groups, Teams, Communication, Leadership and Influence, the Elements of Structure, Common Organisational Designs and the Organisation as an Open System
- Accounting, Financial Management and Business Law for Tourism: Books of Account, Double Entry, Journal, Ledger, Trial Balance and Cash Book, Depreciation, Final Accounts with Adjustments, Hotel Accounting, Funds, Capital Structure and Capital Budgeting, Internal Control, Cost Standards and Budgets, Working Capital and Cash, Investment and TFCI, the Contract Act and the Consumer Protection Act
🦴 Paper-2 Anthropology (code 07)
- The Discipline I: History, Development, Aim and Scope of Anthropology, Its Relationship with Other Sciences, Its Branches including Linguistic Anthropology, and Epistemology, Ontology, Theoretical Perspectives, Types of Research, Research Design and Hypothesis
- The Discipline II: Fieldwork and the Fieldwork Tradition, the Methods from Ethnography and Observation to Grounded Theory, Excavation and GIS, Statistics from Variables and Sampling to Regression, and Content, Discourse and Narrative Analysis
- Evolution and the Primates: Lamarckism to the Synthetic and Neutral Theories, Cladogenesis, Anagenesis and Punctuated Equilibrium, Selection, Trends in Primate Radiation, Primate Characteristics and Social Behaviour, and the Extant Primates from Prosimians to the Great Apes and Humans
- Fossil Primates and the Earliest Hominins: The Oligocene and Miocene Apes from Parapithecus and Aegyptopithecus to Dryopithecus, Sivapithecus, Ramapithecus and Gigantopithecus, the Pre-Hominins Sahelanthropus, Orrorin and Ardipithecus, the Australopithecines and Paranthropus, and Homo habilis
- Hominid Evolution from Homo erectus to Modern Humans: Turkana Boy, Java Man, Peking Man and Dmanisi, Homo floresiensis, the Archaic Sapiens of Mauer, Kabwe, Jinniushan and Narmada, the Neanderthals, Anatomically Modern Humans from Omo to Lake Mungo, and the Out of Africa, Multiregional and Partial Replacement Hypotheses
- Modern Human Variation: The Typological, Populational and Clinal Models, the Classifications of Blumenbach, Deniker, Hooton, Coon, Garn and Birdsell, the Indian Classifications of Risley, Guha and Sarkar, and the Linguistic Distribution of Indian Populations
- Human Genetics I: The Methods of Study, Cytogenetics from the Cell Cycle and Karyotyping to Banding, Chromosomal Abnormalities, FISH, the Lyon Hypothesis, Telomeres and Centromeres, Linkage, Chromosome Mapping and Genomic Imprinting, the Modes of Inheritance, and Dermatoglyphics with Dankmeijer's, Furuhata's and the Pattern Intensity Indices Worked
- Human Genetics II: Population Genetics — Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium and Its Applications, Random, Assortative and Consanguineous Mating, the Inbreeding Coefficient, Genetic Load, Isolates, Drift, Genetic Distance and Balanced and Transient Polymorphism; and Molecular Genetics — DNA, RNA, the Genetic Code, Protein Synthesis, RFLPs, VNTRs, STRs, SNPs, Mitochondrial DNA and Genic and Genomic Mutations
- Human Growth, Development and Maturation: Definitions and Principles, Prenatal and Postnatal Phases, the Distance, Velocity, Acceleration and Scammon Curves, Catch-Up and Catch-Down Growth, Ageing and Senescence, Somatic, Skeletal and Dental Maturation, Genetic and Environmental Factors, Secular Trends, the Methods of Growth Study and Body Composition
- Human Adaptation, Somatotyping and Demography: Bergmann's and Allen's Rules, the Human Adaptability Programme, Adaptation to Heat, Cold and High Altitude, Somatotyping from Kretschmer and Sheldon to Parnell and Heath–Carter, and Demography — Its Multidisciplinary Nature, Anthropological Demography, Fertility, Morbidity, Mortality and Migration, and Crow's Index of Selection Intensity Worked
- Prehistoric Archaeology I: The Concept and Its Sub-Fields from Ethno-Archaeology to Action Archaeology, the Theoretical Paradigms from the Descriptive to the Scientific and the Interpretative Periods, and the Methods of Dating from Typology and Seriation to Radiocarbon, Potassium-Argon, Thermoluminescence and Palaeomagnetism, with the Radiocarbon and K-Ar Arithmetic Worked
- Prehistoric Archaeology II: The Palaeoenvironment — the Tertiary, Quaternary, Pleistocene and Holocene, Glacials, Interglacials, Pluvials and the Evidences of Quaternary Climatic Change, Site Formation — and Lithic Tool Typology and Technology from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Neolithic
- Prehistoric Archaeology III: The Lithic Cultures of Europe from the Acheulian and Mousterian through the Châtelperronian, Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean and Magdalenian to the Azilian, Tardenoisian, Maglemosian and Kitchen Midden, the Natufian, and the Early Farming Villages of the Near East at Jericho, Jarmo, Çatalhöyük and Shanidar
- Indian Prehistory I: The Lower Palaeolithic from the Soan Pebble Tools and the Madrasian Acheulian of the Kortallayar Valley to Attirampakkam, Didwana, the Belan Valley, Bhimbetka, Chirki-Nevasa, Hunsgi, the Krishna Valley and Hathnora; the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic; and the Mesolithic of Bagor, Tilwara, Langhnaj, Adamgarh, Chopani Mando, Sarai Nahar Rai and Birbhanpur
- Indian Prehistory II: The Neolithic and the Consequences of Food Production — Settlement, Population, Craft Specialisation, Class and Political Institutions — the Sites from Burzahom and Gufkral through the Chalcolithic Villages of Ahar, Gilund, Kayatha, Navdatoli, Daimabad and Inamgaon to Maski, Brahmagiri, Sanganakallu, Tekkalakota, Piklihal, Nagarjunakonda, Kuchai, Daojali Hading and Sarutaru, and the Prehistoric Cave Art of Bhimbetka and Adamgarh
- Indian Protohistory: The Indus Civilization — Village Expansion, Metal, Art and Writing, City Planning and the Theories of Decline at Amri, Kot Diji, Kalibangan, Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Lothal, Dholavira and Rakhigarhi — the Pottery Traditions from OCP and Black-and-Red Ware to PGW and NBP, the Copper and Bronze Age, the Iron Age and the Second Urban Revolution, and the Megaliths
- Social Anthropology I: Culture and Its Attributes, Holism, Universals, Enculturation, Acculturation, Transculturation, Culture Change and Culture Shock, Relativism, Civilization, the Folk–Urban Continuum, Great and Little Traditions, Pluralism and World-View; Society, Groups, Institutions, Status and Role, Incest, Endogamy, Exogamy and Rites of Passage; the Family and Its Types and Rules of Residence; and Marriage, Its Forms, Transactions and Exchange
- Social Anthropology II: Kinship — Definition, Descent, Terminology, the Matrilineal Puzzle, Joking and Avoidance, Lineage, Clan, Phratry and Moiety, and the Types of Kinship System; and Economic Anthropology — the Malinowskian, Formalist, Substantivist and Marxist Theories, Livelihood and the Division of Labour, Production, Distribution and Consumption, Reciprocity, Gift and Barter, and the Kula, the Potlatch and the Jajmani System
- Social Anthropology III: Legal Anthropology and Social Sanctions; Political Organisation from Band and Tribe to Chiefdom and State, Conflict and Social Control, the Nation-State and Democracy; Religion and Belief from Animism, Animatism, Manaism, Bongaism, Totemism and Taboo to Witch, Shaman, Priest, Medicine-Man and Sorcerer, Magic and Ritual; and Social Change — Assimilation, Integration, Syncretism, Dominance and Subjugation
- Theories in Social Anthropology I: Classical Evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan, Frazer, Maine, McLennan), the Three Schools of Diffusionism, Boas's Historical Particularism, Malinowski's Functionalism, and the Structural-Functionalism of Radcliffe-Brown, Firth, Fortes, Eggan and Parsons
- Theories in Social Anthropology II: Lévi-Strauss's Structuralism, Culture and Personality (Mead, Benedict, DuBois, Linton, Kardiner, Whiting and Child), Cultural Ecology, Environmental Anthropology, Neo-evolutionism (White, Steward, Sahlins) and Harris's Cultural Materialism
- Theories in Social Anthropology III: Symbolic Anthropology (Turner, Firth, Douglas), Cognitive Anthropology (D'Andrade, Tyler, Goodenough), Geertz's Interpretive Anthropology, Anthropology and Gender, Postmodernism, Poststructuralism, Postcolonialism, and Ethnicity
- Indian Anthropology I: Social Stratification and Caste, Scheduled Castes and Dalit, OBC, Nomadic and Denotified Groups, Revivalist and Nativist Movements, and the Malabar and Telangana Peasant Movements
- Indian Anthropology II: Tribe and Scheduled Tribe, PVTGs and Distribution, the Birsa and Naga Movements, Tribal Development, Constitutional Safeguards, Inclusion and Exclusion, Panchayati Raj and Traditional Political Organisations, and Self-Help Groups
- Indian Anthropology III: Stages of Development, Village Studies (Dube, Marriott, Wiser, Epstein, Srinivas, Bailey), Sanskritisation, Westernisation, Modernisation, Globalisation, the Sacred Complex and the Nature-Man-Spirit Complex, and the Early Indian Anthropologists
- Anthropology in Practice I: Applied, Action, Engaged, Experimental and Public Anthropology, Public Archaeology, Urban, Development and Business Anthropology, Medical, Visual, and Food and Nutritional Anthropology, Genomic Studies, Genetic Screening and Counselling, Forensic Anthropology, Ergonomics and Kinanthropometry
- Anthropology in Practice II: Community Development Projects, Revisits and Restudies, Intervention, the Research Process and Social Impact Assessment, Anthropological Approaches in Community Studies, Plans and Sub-Plans, NGOs, the Empowerment of Women, and LGBT Groups
👷 Paper-2 Labour Welfare / HRM (code 55)
- Principles and Practices of Management I: The Development of Management Thought and the Contributions of Taylor, Fayol, Mayo, Mary Parker Follett and C. I. Barnard
- Principles and Practices of Management II: The Behavioural, Systems, Quantitative and Contingency Approaches, and the Functions of Management — Planning and Decision Making, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Controlling and Coordinating
- Human Resource Management I: The Conceptual Framework, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis, Recruitment, Selection, Placement and Induction
- Human Resource Management II: Training and Development, Performance Management, Job Evaluation, Compensation, Employee Benefits and Incentives, Managing Careers, and the New Trends in HRM
- Human Resource Development: Concepts, Assumptions and Values, HRD Mechanisms, the Action-Research Model, HRD Culture and Climate, HRD Interventions, HR Accounting and Audit, the Consultant–Client Relationship, Knowledge Management and HRIS
- International Human Resource Management: The Organisational Context of IHRM, IHRM and Sustainable Business, the Functions of IHRM, Cross-Cultural Studies, Cultural Diversity, Transnational Organisations and IHRM Models
- Organisational Behaviour I: Concept, Scope and the Nature of Human Behaviour, Personality, Perception, Learning, Attitude and Motivation
- Organisational Behaviour II: Interpersonal Behaviour, Group Dynamics, Leadership, Communication, Power and Authority, Stress, and Organisational Change and Development
- Industrial Relations I: Concept, Scope and Evolution, Approaches, Actors and Models, Conflict and Cooperation, Bipartism and Tripartism, Employers' Organisations, and Industrial Relations in a Changing Scenario
- Industrial Relations II: Collective Bargaining, Workers' Participation in Management, Grievance Handling and Disciplinary Action, and the Codes of Discipline and Conduct
- Trade Unions: Concepts and Theories, the Evolution of Indian Trade Unionism, Problems of Trade Unions in India, Recognition, the Trade Unions Act 1926 and its Place in the Industrial Relations Code, and the Emerging Role of Trade Unions
- Industrial Disputes I: Factors, Forms and Trends, Strikes and Lockouts, Prevention and Settlement, and the Role of State and Central Labour Administration
- Industrial Disputes II: The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1946 and the Industrial Disputes Act 1947, and their Place in the Industrial Relations Code 2020
- Labour Legislation I: Objectives, Principles, Classification and Evolution, the International Labour Organisation, Social Justice and Labour Legislation, the Indian Constitution and Labour Laws, and the Four Labour Codes
- Labour Legislation II: The Factories Act 1948 and the Mines Act 1952 — Health, Safety, Hazardous Processes, Welfare, Working Hours, Young Persons, Women and Leave — and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020
- Labour Legislation III: The Inter-State Migrant Workmen Act 1979, the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act 1970, the Building and Other Construction Workers Act 1996 and the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986 as amended in 2016
- Wages I: Concept and Types of Wages, Minimum, Fair and Living Wages, Factors Influencing Wages, Wage Theories and Wage Differentials
- Wages II: The Minimum Wages Act 1948, the Payment of Wages Act 1936, the Payment of Bonus Act 1965 and the Equal Remuneration Act 1976, and the Code on Wages 2019
- Wages III: The Payment of Gratuity Act 1972 and the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1952, and their Place in the Code on Social Security 2020
- Labour Welfare I: Concept, Scope and Types, the Theories and Principles of Labour Welfare, Agencies and Statutory Provisions, the Labour Welfare Officer, and Quality of Work Life
- Labour Welfare II: Industrial Health and Hygiene, Industrial Accidents and Safety, and Occupational Diseases
- Social Security: Concept and Scope, Evolution, Social Assistance and Social Assurance (Social Insurance), the Indian Social Security Laws, and the Code on Social Security 2020
- Labour Market I: Features of the Labour Market, Demand for and Supply of Labour, Types of Labour Market, and Economic Systems and the Labour Market
- Labour Market II: The Nature and Composition of the Indian Labour Force, Unemployment and Underemployment, the Characteristics and New Dynamics of the Indian Labour Market, and the Problems of Labour in India
🎓 CUET (UG) — Common University Entrance Test
🗣️ Language (Section IA)
🧠 General Aptitude Test (Section III)
- The CUET Machine — Pattern, Normalisation, Choosing Papers and Section II
- General Knowledge — India: Polity, History, Geography, Economy and Science
- General Knowledge — World Bodies, Sports, Awards and Handling Current Affairs
- General Mental Ability & Logical Reasoning
- Numerical Ability & Data Interpretation
🧲 Physics (Section II)
- Electrostatics — Charges, Fields, Potential and Capacitors
- Current Electricity — Resistance, Cells, Networks and the Bridge
- Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction — Fields, Forces, Flux and AC
- Optics — Mirrors, Lenses, Interference and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Modern Physics — Photons, Atoms, Nuclei and Semiconductor Devices
📒 Accountancy (Section II)
💼 Business Studies (Section II)
- Nature and Significance of Management — Process, Levels, Functions and Coordination
- Principles of Management — Fayol’s Fourteen and Taylor’s Scientific Management
- Business Environment — Features, Importance, Dimensions and the Indian Economic Environment
- Planning and Controlling — Setting the Course and Checking It
- Organising — Structure, Formal and Informal Organisation, Delegation and Decentralisation
- Staffing — Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development
- Directing — Supervision, Motivation, Leadership and Communication
- Financial Management — Investment, Financing and Dividend Decisions, and Capital Structure
- Financial Markets — Money Market, Capital Market, Stock Exchange and SEBI
- Marketing Management — Philosophies, Functions and the Marketing Mix
- Consumer Protection — Rights, Responsibilities and Redressal under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019
💹 Economics (Section II)
- National Income Accounting — Aggregates, the Three Methods and Real GDP
- Money and Banking — Money Supply, Credit Creation and the Reserve Bank
- Determination of Income and Employment — Aggregate Demand and the Multiplier
- Government Budget and the Economy — Receipts, Expenditure and the Three Deficits
- Open Economy Macroeconomics — the Balance of Payments and the Exchange Rate
- The Indian Economy from Colonial Rule to 1990 — the Inheritance and the Planned Response
- Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation — the 1991 Reforms and Their Appraisal
- Human Capital Formation and Employment — Skills, Workers and Informalisation
- Rural Development and Sustainable Development — Credit, Markets, Diversification and the Environment
- Comparative Development Experience — India, China and Pakistan
🏛️ Political Science (Section II)
- The End of Bipolarity — the Soviet System, Its Collapse and After
- New Centres of Power — the European Union, ASEAN, China, Japan and South Korea
- Contemporary South Asia — Democracy, Conflict and Cooperation
- The United Nations and Its Organisations — Structure, Reform and the Agencies
- Security in the Contemporary World — Traditional and Non-traditional Notions
- Environment and Natural Resources — Global Commons, Climate and Resource Politics
- Globalisation — Its Causes, Consequences, India and the Resistance
- Challenges of Nation Building — Partition, the Princely States and the Reorganisation of States
- Era of One-Party Dominance — the First Elections, the Congress System and the Opposition
- Politics of Planned Development — Models, the Plans and Their Consequences
- India’s External Relations — Non-alignment, Wars and the Nuclear Policy
- The Congress System Challenged and Restored, and the Emergency — 1964 to 1977
- Regional Aspirations — Kashmir, Punjab, the North-East and the Approach of Accommodation
- Recent Developments in Indian Politics — the Coalition Era, Mandal and a New Consensus
🗺️ Geography (Section II)
- Human Geography — Nature and Scope
- The World Population and Human Development
- Primary Activities — Gathering, Pastoralism, Agriculture and Mining
- Secondary Activities — Manufacturing and Its Location
- Tertiary and Quaternary Activities — Services, Knowledge and Decision-Making
- Transport, Communication and International Trade — the World
- India — Population and Human Settlements
- Land Resources and Agriculture in India
- Water Resources — Use, Problems and Conservation
- Mineral and Energy Resources of India
- Planning, Sustainable Development and Environmental Problems in India
- Transport, Communication and International Trade — India
🏺 History (Section II)
- Bricks, Beads and Bones — the Harappan Civilisation
- Kings, Farmers and Towns — Early States and Economies (c. 600 BCE – 600 CE)
- Kinship, Caste and Class — Early Societies and the Mahabharata
- Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings — Cultural Developments (c. 600 BCE – 600 CE)
- Through the Eyes of Travellers — Al-Biruni, Ibn Battuta and Bernier
- Bhakti–Sufi Traditions — Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts
- An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara (c. Fourteenth to Sixteenth Century)
- Peasants, Zamindars and the State — Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire
- Colonialism and the Countryside — Exploring Official Archives
- Rebels and the Raj — the Revolt of 1857 and Its Representations
- Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement — Civil Disobedience and Beyond
- Framing the Constitution — the Beginning of a New Era (1946–1950)
👥 Sociology (Section II)
- Introducing Indian Society — Unlearning, Social Maps, Colonialism and Community
- The Demographic Structure of Indian Society — Malthus, Transition and India's Population
- Social Institutions: Continuity and Change — Caste, Tribe, Family and Kinship
- The Market as a Social Institution — Exchange, Caste, Capitalism and Consumption
- Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion — Caste, Tribe, Gender and Disability
- The Challenges of Cultural Diversity — Community, Nation, Region, Religion and the State
- Structural Change — Colonialism, Industrialisation and Urbanisation
- Cultural Change — Reform Movements, Sanskritisation, Westernisation, Modernisation and Secularisation
- The Story of Indian Democracy — the Constitution, Panchayati Raj and Democratic Politics
- Change and Development in Rural Society — Land, Labour, Reform and the Green Revolution
- Change and Development in Industrial Society — Work, Workers and the Organised Sector
- Social Movements — Theories, Types and the Movements That Shaped India
💭 Psychology (Section II)
- Individual Differences and Theories of Intelligence
- Measuring Intelligence — IQ, Culture, Emotional Intelligence, Aptitude and Creativity
- The Self, and the Type and Trait Approaches to Personality
- Approaches to Personality — Psychodynamic, Behavioural, Cultural and Humanistic — and Its Assessment
- Meeting Life Challenges — Stress, Coping and Positive Health
- Psychological Disorders — Concepts, Causes, and Anxiety-Related Disorders
- Major Psychological Disorders — Mood, Schizophrenia, Neurodevelopmental, Conduct, Eating and Substance-Related
- Therapeutic Approaches — Psychotherapy, Its Kinds, and Rehabilitation
- Attitude and Social Cognition
- Social Influence and Group Processes
💻 Computer Science (Section II)
⚛️ Physics
- Units, Dimensions and Error Analysis
- Kinematics — Straight Line, Plane Motion, Projectiles and Relative Velocity
- Laws of Motion, Friction and Circular Dynamics
- Work, Energy, Power, Centre of Mass and Collisions
- Rotational Motion — Moment of Inertia, Torque and Rolling
- Gravitation — Fields, Potential, Orbits and Escape
- Oscillations and Waves — SHM, Superposition, Beats and Doppler
- Thermal Physics — Kinetic Theory, the Laws of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines
- Electrostatics — Fields, Gauss's Law, Potential and Capacitors
- Current Electricity, Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction
- Optics — Reflection, Refraction, Lenses and Wave Optics
- Modern Physics — Photoelectric Effect, Atoms, Nuclei and Semiconductors
- Mechanical Properties of Solids and Fluids — Elasticity, Pressure, Flow and Surface Tension
- Electromagnetic Waves — Displacement Current, Maxwell’s Synthesis and the Spectrum
- Thermal Properties of Matter — Expansion, Calorimetry, Conduction and Radiation
- X-rays — the Continuous Spectrum, Characteristic Lines and Moseley's Law
⚗️ Chemistry
- Mole Concept, Stoichiometry and Concentration Terms
- Atomic Structure — Quantum Numbers, Orbitals and Configurations
- Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry
- Equilibrium — Chemical and Ionic
- States of Matter — Gas Laws, Kinetic Theory and Real Gases
- Solutions and Colligative Properties
- Chemical Kinetics — Rate Laws, Order and Activation Energy
- Electrochemistry — Cells, Nernst Equation and Electrolysis
- Surface Chemistry — Adsorption, Catalysis and Colloids
- The Periodic Table and Periodicity
- Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
- Hydrogen and the s- and p-Block Elements
- The d- and f-Block Elements
- Coordination Compounds
- General Principles of Metallurgy
- Principles of Practical Chemistry — Salt Analysis and Tests
- General Organic Chemistry — Isomerism, Electronic Effects and Intermediates
- Hydrocarbons — Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatics
- Haloalkanes, Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
- Amines and Diazonium Salts
- Biomolecules — Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic Acids
- Polymers and Chemistry in Everyday Life
- The Solid State — Crystal Systems, Close Packing, Radius Ratio and Point Defects
📐 Mathematics
- Sets, Relations and Functions
- Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
- Matrices and Determinants
- Permutations, Combinations and the Binomial Theorem
- Sequences and Series
- Trigonometry — Identities, Equations and Inverse Functions
- Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
- Differentiation and Applications of Derivatives
- Integration and Definite Integrals
- Differential Equations
- Straight Lines and Circles
- Conic Sections — Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola
- Vector Algebra
- Three-Dimensional Geometry
- Probability and Statistics
🧬 Biology (Botany & Zoology)
- The Living World — What Counts as Alive, and the Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Biological Classification — Five Kingdoms, and the Things That Fit in None
- Plant Kingdom — Algae to Angiosperms, and the Conquest of Land
- Animal Kingdom — the Basis of Classification and the Phyla in Order
- Morphology of Flowering Plants — Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower, Fruit and Seed
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants — Tissues, Tissue Systems and Secondary Growth
- Structural Organisation in Animals — the Four Tissue Types and the Frog
- Cell — the Unit of Life: Prokaryotes, Organelles and the Membrane
- Biomolecules — Amino Acids to Enzyme Kinetics
- Cell Cycle and Cell Division — Mitosis, Meiosis and Where They Differ
- Photosynthesis in Higher Plants — the Z-Scheme, Calvin Cycle and C₄ Advantage
- Respiration in Plants — Glycolysis, the TCA Cycle and the ATP Ledger
- Plant Growth and Development — Growth Curves, the Five Hormones, Photoperiodism
- Digestion and Absorption — the Alimentary Canal, Enzymes and Where Each Nutrient is Absorbed
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases — Mechanism, Lung Volumes and How the Blood Carries O₂ and CO₂
- Body Fluids and Circulation — Blood, the Heart, the Cardiac Cycle and the ECG
- Excretory Products and their Elimination — the Nephron, Urine Formation and its Regulation
- Locomotion and Movement — the Sliding Filament Theory, the Skeleton and Joints
- Neural Control and Coordination — the Neuron, the Nerve Impulse and the Synapse
- Chemical Coordination and Integration — the Endocrine Glands, their Hormones and Disorders
- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants — the Flower, Double Fertilisation and the Seed
- Human Reproduction — Gametogenesis, the Menstrual Cycle and Development
- Reproductive Health — Contraception, STIs and Assisted Reproduction
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation — Mendel, the Ratios and Human Genetic Disorders
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance — DNA, the Central Dogma and Gene Expression
- Evolution — Origin of Life, Evidences, Darwinism and the Hardy–Weinberg Principle
- Human Health and Disease — Pathogens, the Immune System and Immunity
- Microbes in Human Welfare — Fermentation, Sewage Treatment and Biocontrol
- Biotechnology — Principles and Processes: Tools, Cloning Vectors and rDNA
- Biotechnology and its Applications — GM Crops, Gene Therapy and Biosafety
- Organisms and Populations — Adaptations, Population Growth and Interactions
- Ecosystem — Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids and Nutrient Cycling
- Biodiversity and Conservation — Patterns, Loss and How We Protect It
⚙️ JEE — Main & Advanced (Engineering)
🎯 Exam Strategy
⚛️ Physics
- Units, Dimensions and Error Analysis
- Kinematics — Straight Line, Plane Motion, Projectiles and Relative Velocity
- Laws of Motion, Friction and Circular Dynamics
- Work, Energy, Power, Centre of Mass and Collisions
- Rotational Motion — Moment of Inertia, Torque and Rolling
- Gravitation — Fields, Potential, Orbits and Escape
- Oscillations and Waves — SHM, Superposition, Beats and Doppler
- Thermal Physics — Kinetic Theory, the Laws of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines
- Electrostatics — Fields, Gauss's Law, Potential and Capacitors
- Current Electricity, Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction
- Optics — Reflection, Refraction, Lenses and Wave Optics
- Modern Physics — Photoelectric Effect, Atoms, Nuclei and Semiconductors
- Mechanical Properties of Solids and Fluids — Elasticity, Pressure, Flow and Surface Tension
- Electromagnetic Waves — Displacement Current, Maxwell’s Synthesis and the Spectrum
- Thermal Properties of Matter — Expansion, Calorimetry, Conduction and Radiation
- X-rays — the Continuous Spectrum, Characteristic Lines and Moseley's Law
⚗️ Chemistry
- Mole Concept, Stoichiometry and Concentration Terms
- Atomic Structure — Quantum Numbers, Orbitals and Configurations
- Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry
- Equilibrium — Chemical and Ionic
- States of Matter — Gas Laws, Kinetic Theory and Real Gases
- Solutions and Colligative Properties
- Chemical Kinetics — Rate Laws, Order and Activation Energy
- Electrochemistry — Cells, Nernst Equation and Electrolysis
- Surface Chemistry — Adsorption, Catalysis and Colloids
- The Periodic Table and Periodicity
- Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
- Hydrogen and the s- and p-Block Elements
- The d- and f-Block Elements
- Coordination Compounds
- General Principles of Metallurgy
- Principles of Practical Chemistry — Salt Analysis and Tests
- General Organic Chemistry — Isomerism, Electronic Effects and Intermediates
- Hydrocarbons — Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatics
- Haloalkanes, Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
- Amines and Diazonium Salts
- Biomolecules — Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic Acids
- Polymers and Chemistry in Everyday Life
- The Solid State — Crystal Systems, Close Packing, Radius Ratio and Point Defects
📐 Mathematics
- Sets, Relations and Functions
- Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
- Matrices and Determinants
- Permutations, Combinations and the Binomial Theorem
- Sequences and Series
- Trigonometry — Identities, Equations and Inverse Functions
- Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
- Differentiation and Applications of Derivatives
- Integration and Definite Integrals
- Differential Equations
- Straight Lines and Circles
- Conic Sections — Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola
- Vector Algebra
- Three-Dimensional Geometry
- Probability and Statistics
🩺 NEET (UG) — Medical Entrance
🎯 Exam Strategy
⚛️ Physics
- Units, Dimensions and Error Analysis
- Kinematics — Straight Line, Plane Motion, Projectiles and Relative Velocity
- Laws of Motion, Friction and Circular Dynamics
- Work, Energy, Power, Centre of Mass and Collisions
- Rotational Motion — Moment of Inertia, Torque and Rolling
- Gravitation — Fields, Potential, Orbits and Escape
- Oscillations and Waves — SHM, Superposition, Beats and Doppler
- Thermal Physics — Kinetic Theory, the Laws of Thermodynamics and Heat Engines
- Electrostatics — Fields, Gauss's Law, Potential and Capacitors
- Current Electricity, Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction
- Optics — Reflection, Refraction, Lenses and Wave Optics
- Modern Physics — Photoelectric Effect, Atoms, Nuclei and Semiconductors
- Mechanical Properties of Solids and Fluids — Elasticity, Pressure, Flow and Surface Tension
- Electromagnetic Waves — Displacement Current, Maxwell’s Synthesis and the Spectrum
- Thermal Properties of Matter — Expansion, Calorimetry, Conduction and Radiation
- X-rays — the Continuous Spectrum, Characteristic Lines and Moseley's Law
⚗️ Chemistry
- Mole Concept, Stoichiometry and Concentration Terms
- Atomic Structure — Quantum Numbers, Orbitals and Configurations
- Chemical Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry
- Equilibrium — Chemical and Ionic
- States of Matter — Gas Laws, Kinetic Theory and Real Gases
- Solutions and Colligative Properties
- Chemical Kinetics — Rate Laws, Order and Activation Energy
- Electrochemistry — Cells, Nernst Equation and Electrolysis
- Surface Chemistry — Adsorption, Catalysis and Colloids
- The Periodic Table and Periodicity
- Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
- Hydrogen and the s- and p-Block Elements
- The d- and f-Block Elements
- Coordination Compounds
- General Principles of Metallurgy
- Principles of Practical Chemistry — Salt Analysis and Tests
- General Organic Chemistry — Isomerism, Electronic Effects and Intermediates
- Hydrocarbons — Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatics
- Haloalkanes, Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
- Amines and Diazonium Salts
- Biomolecules — Carbohydrates, Proteins and Nucleic Acids
- Polymers and Chemistry in Everyday Life
- The Solid State — Crystal Systems, Close Packing, Radius Ratio and Point Defects
🧬 Biology (Botany & Zoology)
- The Living World — What Counts as Alive, and the Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Biological Classification — Five Kingdoms, and the Things That Fit in None
- Plant Kingdom — Algae to Angiosperms, and the Conquest of Land
- Animal Kingdom — the Basis of Classification and the Phyla in Order
- Morphology of Flowering Plants — Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower, Fruit and Seed
- Anatomy of Flowering Plants — Tissues, Tissue Systems and Secondary Growth
- Structural Organisation in Animals — the Four Tissue Types and the Frog
- Cell — the Unit of Life: Prokaryotes, Organelles and the Membrane
- Biomolecules — Amino Acids to Enzyme Kinetics
- Cell Cycle and Cell Division — Mitosis, Meiosis and Where They Differ
- Photosynthesis in Higher Plants — the Z-Scheme, Calvin Cycle and C₄ Advantage
- Respiration in Plants — Glycolysis, the TCA Cycle and the ATP Ledger
- Plant Growth and Development — Growth Curves, the Five Hormones, Photoperiodism
- Digestion and Absorption — the Alimentary Canal, Enzymes and Where Each Nutrient is Absorbed
- Breathing and Exchange of Gases — Mechanism, Lung Volumes and How the Blood Carries O₂ and CO₂
- Body Fluids and Circulation — Blood, the Heart, the Cardiac Cycle and the ECG
- Excretory Products and their Elimination — the Nephron, Urine Formation and its Regulation
- Locomotion and Movement — the Sliding Filament Theory, the Skeleton and Joints
- Neural Control and Coordination — the Neuron, the Nerve Impulse and the Synapse
- Chemical Coordination and Integration — the Endocrine Glands, their Hormones and Disorders
- Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants — the Flower, Double Fertilisation and the Seed
- Human Reproduction — Gametogenesis, the Menstrual Cycle and Development
- Reproductive Health — Contraception, STIs and Assisted Reproduction
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation — Mendel, the Ratios and Human Genetic Disorders
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance — DNA, the Central Dogma and Gene Expression
- Evolution — Origin of Life, Evidences, Darwinism and the Hardy–Weinberg Principle
- Human Health and Disease — Pathogens, the Immune System and Immunity
- Microbes in Human Welfare — Fermentation, Sewage Treatment and Biocontrol
- Biotechnology — Principles and Processes: Tools, Cloning Vectors and rDNA
- Biotechnology and its Applications — GM Crops, Gene Therapy and Biosafety
- Organisms and Populations — Adaptations, Population Growth and Interactions
- Ecosystem — Energy Flow, Ecological Pyramids and Nutrient Cycling
- Biodiversity and Conservation — Patterns, Loss and How We Protect It
🎖️ NDA & NA — National Defence Academy
🔢 Paper I Extras — Number Systems, Logs & Heights
🇬🇧 English (GAT Part A)
🌏 General Knowledge (GAT Part B)
- Physics — Matter, Motion, Heat, Sound, Light, Electricity & Simple Machines
- Chemistry — Changes, Atomic Structure, Acids, Bases, Salts & Everyday Products
- General Science — Cells, Tissues, Human Organs, Balanced Diet & Major Discoveries
- Indian Culture, Civilisation & the Freedom Movement
- The Indian Constitution & Major World Revolutions
- Geography — The Earth, Climate, Rocks, Earthquakes, India & Trade Routes
- Current Events, Sports, Personalities & Defence Awareness
🎖️ SSB Interview
📐 Mathematics
- Sets, Relations and Functions
- Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
- Matrices and Determinants
- Permutations, Combinations and the Binomial Theorem
- Sequences and Series
- Trigonometry — Identities, Equations and Inverse Functions
- Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
- Differentiation and Applications of Derivatives
- Integration and Definite Integrals
- Differential Equations
- Straight Lines and Circles
- Conic Sections — Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola
- Vector Algebra
- Three-Dimensional Geometry
- Probability and Statistics
⚙️ GATE — Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
🧭 The GATE Machine
🧠 General Aptitude
📈 Engineering Mathematics (engineering papers)
- Linear Algebra — Rank, Consistency, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
- Multivariable Calculus — Partial Derivatives, Maxima and Multiple Integrals
- Vector Calculus — Gradient, Divergence, Curl and the Three Theorems
- Differential Equations — Higher Order, Euler–Cauchy, Laplace and PDEs
- Complex Variables — Analytic Functions, Cauchy’s Theorems and Residues
- Probability and Statistics — Random Variables, the Five Distributions and Bayes
- Numerical Methods — Roots, Quadrature and Stepping an ODE
- Vector Spaces, Rank–Nullity, Decompositions and Quadratic Forms
- Transform Theory — Fourier Series, the Fourier Transform and the z-Transform
🔢 Discrete Mathematics (CS paper)
🔌 Digital Logic (CS paper)
🏗️ Computer Organisation (CS paper)
🧱 Programming & Data Structures (CS paper)
⚙️ Algorithms (CS paper)
🧮 Theory of Computation (CS paper)
🔧 Compiler Design (CS paper)
🖥️ Operating Systems (CS paper)
🗄️ Databases (CS paper)
🌐 Computer Networks (CS paper)
🔩 Applied Mechanics and Design (ME paper)
🌡️ Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences (ME paper)
🏭 Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering (ME paper)
🌉 Structural Engineering (CE paper)
- Engineering Mechanics: Equilibrium, Internal Forces and Simple Stresses
- Solid Mechanics: Bending, Shear Centre, Torsion, Buckling and Combined Stresses
- Structural Analysis: Indeterminacy, Force and Displacement Methods, Cables, Arches and Influence Lines
- Concrete and Steel Structures: Limit State, Bond, Prestress and Plastic Analysis
⛰️ Geotechnical Engineering (CE paper)
💧 Water Resources Engineering (CE paper)
🚰 Environmental Engineering (CE paper)
🛣️ Transportation Engineering (CE paper)
🧭 Geomatics Engineering (CE paper)
🧱 Construction Materials and Management (CE paper)
🔌 Networks, Signals and Systems (EC paper)
🔬 Electronic Devices (EC paper)
📈 Analog Circuits (EC paper)
🔲 Digital Circuits (EC paper)
🎛️ Control Systems (EC paper)
📡 Communications (EC paper)
🧲 Electromagnetics (EC paper)
🧲 Electricity and Magnetism (IN paper)
⚙️ Electrical Circuits and Machines (IN paper)
〰️ Signals and Systems (IN paper)
🎛️ Control Systems (IN paper)
🔌 Analog Electronics (IN paper)
💾 Digital Electronics (IN paper)
📏 Measurements (IN paper)
🌡️ Sensors and Industrial Instrumentation (IN paper)
📡 Communication and Optical Instrumentation (IN paper)
🔗 Electric Circuits (EE paper)
🧲 Electromagnetic Fields (EE paper)
〰️ Signals and Systems (EE paper)
⚙️ Electrical Machines (EE paper)
🗼 Power Systems (EE paper)
🎛️ Control Systems (EE paper)
📏 Electrical and Electronic Measurements (EE paper)
🔌 Analog and Digital Electronics (EE paper)
🔋 Power Electronics (EE paper)
⚖️ Process Calculations (CH paper)
🌡️ Thermodynamics (CH paper)
🌊 Fluid Mechanics and Mechanical Operations (CH paper)
🔥 Heat Transfer (CH paper)
🧪 Mass Transfer (CH paper)
⚗️ Chemical Reaction Engineering (CH paper)
🎛️ Instrumentation and Process Control (CH paper)
📈 Plant Design and Economics (CH paper)
🏭 Chemical Technology (CH paper)
🧮 Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms (DA paper)
🗄️ Database Management and Warehousing (DA paper)
🤖 Machine Learning (DA paper)
🧠 AI (DA paper)
🛩️ Flight Mechanics and Space Dynamics (AE paper)
🌬️ Aerodynamics (AE paper)
🏗️ Structures (AE paper)
🚀 Propulsion (AE paper)
📈 Engineering Mathematics — what only the BT paper adds
🧬 General Biology (BT paper)
🔬 Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology (BT paper)
⚗️ Fundamentals of Biological Engineering (BT paper)
🌱 Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology (BT paper)
🧫 Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools (BT paper)
🔩 General Engineering (PI paper)
🏗️ Manufacturing Processes I (PI paper)
🛠️ Manufacturing Processes II (PI paper)
📏 Quality and Reliability (PI paper)
👷 Industrial Engineering (PI paper)
📊 Operations Research and Operations Management (PI paper)
📐 Engineering Mathematics: MT-only topics (MT paper)
🔥 Metallurgical Thermodynamics (MT paper)
🌡️ Transport Phenomena and Rate Processes (MT paper)
⛏️ Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy (MT paper)
🔬 Physical Metallurgy (MT paper)
🔩 Mechanical Behaviour of Materials (MT paper)
🏭 Manufacturing Processes (MT paper)
🧪 Materials Science and Non-Metallic Materials (MT paper)
📈 Engineering Mathematics — what only the AG paper adds
🚜 Farm Machinery (AG paper)
⚙️ Farm Power (AG paper)
🏞️ Soil and Water Conservation Engineering (AG paper)
- Fluid Mechanics and Soil Mechanics for Soil and Water Conservation
- Hydrology: Precipitation, Runoff Estimation, Hydrographs, Stream Flow, Flood Routing, Infiltration and Drought
- Surveying and Levelling: Chains, Traverses, Plane Table, Levels, Contours, Total Station, GPS, Areas and Volumes
- Soil Erosion and Watershed Management: USLE, Terraces and Bunds, Waterways, Gully Control, Spillways, Earthen Dams and Water Harvesting
💧 Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (AG paper)
🌾 Agricultural Process Engineering (AG paper)
🥛 Dairy and Food Engineering (AG paper)
- Heat and Mass Transfer in Food Processing: Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Transients, Heat Exchangers, Diffusion, Balances and Water Activity
- Dairy and Food Unit Operations and Preservation: Blanching, Homogenization, Pasteurization, Sterilization, Microbial Death Kinetics, Cooling, Freezing and Refrigeration
📈 Engineering Mathematics — what only the BM paper adds
🔌 Electrical Circuits (BM paper)
📶 Signals and Systems (BM paper)
🔋 Analog and Digital Electronics (BM paper)
📏 Measurements and Control Systems (BM paper)
🩺 Sensors and Bioinstrumentation (BM paper)
🫀 Cell Biology, Human Anatomy and Physiology (BM paper)
🩻 Medical Imaging Systems (BM paper)
🦴 Biomechanics (BM paper)
🧫 Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (BM paper)
📐 Engineering Mathematics: PE-only topics (PE paper)
🧭 Petroleum Exploration (PE paper)
🛢️ Oil and Gas Well Drilling Technology (PE paper)
🪨 Reservoir Engineering (PE paper)
⚙️ Petroleum Production Operations (PE paper)
🌊 Offshore Drilling and Production Practices (PE paper)
📈 Petroleum Formation Evaluation (PE paper)
⏱️ Oil and Gas Well Testing (PE paper)
🦺 Health, Safety and Environment in the Petroleum Industry (PE paper)
💧 Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques (PE paper)
🔭 Latest Trends in Petroleum Engineering (PE paper)
📐 Engineering Mathematics: MN-only topics (MN paper)
⛏️ Mining Geology, Mine Development and Surveying (MN paper)
🪨 Geomechanics and Ground Control (MN paper)
🏗️ Mining Methods and Machinery (MN paper)
- Mining Methods: Surface Mining, Haul Roads, Loading and Transport, Continuous and Highwall Mining, Bord and Pillar, Longwall, Thick Seams and Metal Stoping
- Mining Machinery: Mechanical, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Power, Wire Ropes and Hoisting, Haulages and Conveyors, Face Machines, Pumps, Comminution and Rock Cutting
🌬️ Surface Environment, Mine Ventilation and Underground Hazards (MN paper)
- Mine Ventilation: Mine Atmosphere, Heat and Cooling, Atkinson’s Law, Networks, Natural Ventilation, Fans, Auxiliary Ventilation and Surveys
- Surface Environment and Underground Hazards: Pollution and Its Control, Noise, Reclamation, EIA, Mine Gases, Fires, Explosions, Dust, Inundation, Rescue, Safety Management and Legislation
📊 Mineral Economics, Mine Planning, Systems Engineering (MN paper)
- Mineral Economics and Mine Planning: Resource Classification, Discounted Cash Flow, Valuation, Taxation, Sampling, Reserve Estimation, Geostatistics, Mine Size, Pit Design and Cut-off Grade
- Systems Engineering for Mines: Reliability, Maintainability and Availability, Linear Programming, Transportation and Assignment, Network Analysis, Inventory and Queuing
📐 Mathematical Physics: PH-only topics (PH paper)
📏 Measurements and Error Analysis (PH paper)
🪐 Classical Mechanics (PH paper)
🌡️ Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics (PH paper)
🧲 Electromagnetic Theory (PH paper)
🔦 Optical Physics (PH paper)
⚛️ Quantum Mechanics (PH paper)
🌈 Atomic and Molecular Physics (PH paper)
💎 Solid State Physics (PH paper)
☢️ Nuclear and Particle Physics (PH paper)
🔌 Electronics (PH paper)
📐 Calculus (MA paper)
🧮 Linear Algebra (MA paper)
📈 Real Analysis (MA paper)
🌀 Complex Analysis (MA paper)
📉 Ordinary Differential Equations (MA paper)
🔷 Algebra (MA paper)
♾️ Functional Analysis (MA paper)
🔢 Numerical Analysis (MA paper)
🌊 Partial Differential Equations (MA paper)
🍩 Topology (MA paper)
📊 Linear Programming (MA paper)
📐 Mathematics Foundation: ES-only topics (ES paper)
⚗️ Environmental Chemistry (ES paper)
🧫 Environmental Microbiology (ES paper)
💧 Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics (ES paper)
🏭 Water and Wastewater Treatment and Management (ES paper)
🌬️ Air and Noise Pollution (ES paper)
♻️ Solid and Hazardous Waste Management (ES paper)
🌏 Global and Regional Environmental Issues (ES paper)
⚖️ Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (ES paper)
⚛️ Physical Chemistry (CY paper)
- Quantum Chemistry: Postulates, Model Systems, the Hydrogen Atom and Approximation Methods
- Chemical Bonding and Group Theory: VB and MO Theory, Hückel Theory, Point Groups and Selection Rules
- Spectroscopy: Atomic Terms, Rotational, Vibrational, Raman and Electronic Spectra, Line Shapes and NMR Principles
- Chemical Thermodynamics, Chemical Equilibria and Statistical Thermodynamics
- Solutions, Phase Equilibria and Electrochemistry
- Chemical Kinetics, Reaction Dynamics, Photophysical Kinetics and Surfaces
🧪 Inorganic Chemistry (CY paper)
- Main Group Elements: VSEPR, Compounds, Boranes and Silicates, Allotropes, Industrial Chemistry and Acid–Base Concepts
- Transition Metals and the f-Block: Coordination Chemistry, Crystal Fields, Spectra, Magnetism and Mechanisms
- Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Bioinorganic Chemistry: Ion Transport, Oxygen Carriers, Electron Transfer, Nitrogen Fixation and Metalloenzymes
- Solid-State Chemistry: Lattices, Miller Planes, Bragg’s Law, Packing, Ionic Structures, Defects, Bands and Zeolites
- Instrumental Methods of Analysis
🧬 Organic Chemistry (CY paper)
- General Concepts and Stereochemistry: Acidity, Aromaticity, Chirality, Topicity and Conformational Analysis
- Reaction Mechanisms and Types of Reactions
- Organic Synthesis: Reagents, Coupling Reactions, Named Reactions, Strategy, Enolates and Asymmetric Synthesis
- Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Synthesis
- Pericyclic Reactions and Organic Photochemistry
- Heterocyclic Compounds and Biomolecules
- Experimental Techniques and Structure Determination in Organic Chemistry
📐 Calculus and Matrix Theory: ST-only topics (ST paper)
- Real Analysis for Statistics: Countable Sets, Sequences, Series, Power Series, Continuity, Mean Value Theorems and Riemann Integration
- Functions of Several Variables: Limits, Directional Derivatives, Taylor’s Theorem, Extrema, Lagrange Multipliers and Multiple Integrals
- Matrix Theory: Subspaces, Rank, Inner Products and Gram–Schmidt, Special Matrices, Similarity, Definiteness and the Singular Value Decomposition
🎲 Probability (ST paper)
📊 Standard Univariate Distributions (ST paper)
🔗 Joint Distributions (ST paper)
🎯 Convergence of Random Variables (ST paper)
🔁 Stochastic Processes (ST paper)
🎚️ Estimation (ST paper)
⚖️ Testing of Hypotheses (ST paper)
🔢 Non-parametric Statistics (ST paper)
🧮 Multivariate Analysis (ST paper)
📈 Regression Analysis (ST paper)
🌿 Ecology (EY paper)
🧬 Evolution (EY paper)
📐 Mathematics and Quantitative Ecology: EY-only topics (EY paper)
🐝 Behavioural Ecology (EY paper)
🌍 Applied Ecology & Evolution (EY paper)
📐 Engineering Mathematics: Errors, Adjustment and Statistics (GE Part A)
🛰️ Remote Sensing (GE Part A)
📡 GNSS (GE Part A)
🗺️ GIS (GE Part A)
🧭 Maps (GE Part B1: Surveying and Mapping)
📏 Land Surveying (GE Part B1)
📷 Aerial Photogrammetry (GE Part B1)
〰️ Data Quantization and Processing (GE Part B2: Image Processing and Analysis)
📊 Digital Image Characteristics (GE Part B2)
🎯 Radiometric and Geometric Corrections (GE Part B2)
🔆 Image Enhancement (GE Part B2)
🎨 Image Transformation (GE Part B2)
🧩 Image Classification and Segmentation (GE Part B2)
📐 Engineering Mathematics: RA-only topics (RA paper)
🔧 Basics of Mechatronics (RA paper)
- Network Elements, Network Theorems, Transients and AC Power
- Digital Circuits: Boolean Algebra, Multiplexers, Encoders and Decoders, Flip-Flops and Counters
- Sensors, Signal Conditioning and Industrial Transducers
- Actuators: Hydraulic and Pneumatic Cylinders, DC Motors, Stepper Motors and Servo Motors
- Engineering Mechanics: Equilibrium, Friction, Belts, Trusses and Rigid Bodies in Plane Motion
- Programming in Python, and the Data Structures: Stack, Queue, Linked List, BST, Heap and Graph
🤖 Principles of Robotics and Automation (RA paper)
🔌 Analog Circuits and Embedded Systems (RA paper, Part B1)
📈 Signals and Systems (RA paper, Part B1)
🎛️ Control Systems (RA paper, Part B1)
🏗️ Mechanics of Materials (RA paper, Part B2)
- Mechanics of Materials I: Stress, Strain, Elastic Constants, Mohr’s Circle, Thin Cylinders, Thermal Stresses, Strain Rosettes and Material Testing
- Mechanics of Materials II: Shear Force and Bending Moment, Bending and Shear Stresses, Shear Centre, Deflection, Torsion, Columns and Castigliano’s Theorems
⚙️ Kinematics and Dynamics (RA paper, Part B2)
🛠️ Machine Design and Computer Integrated Manufacturing (RA paper, Part B2)
📐 Design and Graphics (AR Part A)
🌳 Environmental Planning and Landscape (AR Part A)
🏙️ Urban Design and Conservation (AR Part A)
🏘️ Town Planning, Housing and Real Estate Development (AR Part A)
🏛️ History and Theory of Architecture (AR Part B1)
☀️ Climatology and Environmentally Responsive Design (AR Part B1)
🏗️ Building Construction, Materials, and Structural Systems (AR Part B1)
- Construction Techniques: Foundations, Masonry, Openings, Frames, Roofs, Fire Safety, Floors, Modular Coordination and Prefabrication
- Building Materials: Cement and Concrete, Masonry Units, Timber, Steel, Glass, Finishes, Damp Prevention, Insulation, Repair and Alternative Materials
- Structural Systems: Statics, Limit State Design, RCC and Steel, Prestressing, High-Rise, Shells, Long-Span and Disaster-Resistant Structures
🏢 Building Services (AR Part B1)
💻 Computer Applications in Architecture (AR Part B1)
📋 Project Management and Professional Practice (AR Part B1)
🏙️ Planning History, Theory and Techniques (AR Part B2)
🏛️ Planning Policy and Practice (AR Part B2)
💧 Infrastructure, Services and Utilities (AR Part B2)
🚦 Urban Land Use and Transportation (AR Part B2)
🛰️ Data Analysis, Remote Sensing and Geo-informatics (AR Part B2)
💰 Project Implementation and Financing (AR Part B2)
🌍 Introduction to Earth and Planetary Systems (GG Part A)
🌋 Plate Tectonics (GG Part A)
🏔️ Earth Surface Processes (GG Part A)
🪨 Basic Structural Geology (GG Part A)
💎 Mineralogy (GG Part A)
🌋 Common Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks (GG Part A)
🪨 Stratigraphy and Geological Time Scale (GG Part A)
🛰️ Remote Sensing, Rock and Soil Properties, Natural Hazards and Climate (GG Part A)
🧲 Hydrogeology and Geophysical Prospecting Methods (GG Part A)
🏔️ Geomorphology (GG Part B1)
🪨 Structural Geology (GG Part B1)
💎 Crystallography and Mineralogy (GG Part B1)
🧪 Geochemistry (GG Part B1)
🌋 Igneous Petrology (GG Part B1)
🌡️ Thermodynamics (GG Part B1)
🌊 Sedimentology (GG Part B1)
🪨 Metamorphic Petrology (GG Part B1)
🦕 Paleontology (GG Part B1)
🪨 Stratigraphy (GG Part B1)
⛏️ Resource Geology (GG Part B1)
🏗️ Engineering Geology (GG Part B1)
💧 Hydrogeology (GG Part B1)
🛰️ Remote Sensing (GG Part B1)
🔥 Heat Flow (GG Part B2)
🛰️ Geodesy (GG Part B2)
🌋 Seismology and Interior of the Earth (GG Part B2)
🌍 Earthquake Seismology (GG Part B2)
🧲 Potential and Time Varying Fields (GG Part B2)
🪐 Gravity (GG Part B2)
🧲 Magnetic Methods (GG Part B2)
⚡ Electrical Methods (GG Part B2)
📡 Electromagnetic Methods (GG Part B2)
🌊 Seismic Methods (GG Part B2)
🛢️ Reservoir Geophysics (GG Part B2)
📈 Geophysical Signal Processing (GG Part B2)
🛢️ Geophysical Well Logging (GG Part B2)
🧮 Geophysical Inversion (GG Part B2)
⚛️ Atomic Structure and Periodicity (XL0 Chemistry)
🔗 Structure and Bonding (XL0 Chemistry)
🧪 s, p and d Block Elements (XL0 Chemistry)
🩸 Bioinorganic Chemistry (XL0 Chemistry)
⚖️ Chemical Equilibria (XL0 Chemistry)
🔋 Electrochemistry (XL0 Chemistry)
⏱️ Reaction Kinetics (XL0 Chemistry)
🔥 Thermodynamics (XL0 Chemistry)
🧪 Structure-Reactivity Correlations and Organic Reaction Mechanisms (XL0 Chemistry)
🧬 Chemistry of Biomolecules (XL0 Chemistry)
🧬 Structure and Function of Biomolecules (XL1 Biochemistry)
🧪 Enzymes and General Principles of Metabolism (XL1 Biochemistry)
🔄 Metabolic Pathways and Associated Disorders (XL1 Biochemistry)
🧪 Analytical Techniques (XL1 Biochemistry)
🔬 Cell Structure and Function (XL1 Biochemistry)
🧬 Gene Expression and Its Regulation, and DNA Repair (XL1 Biochemistry)
🌼 Plant Systematics (XL2 Botany)
🪵 Plant Anatomy (XL2 Botany)
🌱 Plant Development; Cell and Tissue Morphogenesis (XL2 Botany)
🌿 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (XL2 Botany)
🧬 Genetics and Genomics (XL2 Botany)
🌱 Plant Breeding, Genetic Modification, Genome Editing (XL2 Botany)
🌾 Economic and Applied Botany (XL2 Botany)
🍂 Plant Pathology (XL2 Botany)
🌿 Ecology and Environment (XL2 Botany)
🔬 Historical Perspective (XL3 Microbiology)
🧫 Methods in Microbiology (XL3 Microbiology)
🧬 Microbial Taxonomy and Diversity (XL3 Microbiology)
🦠 Prokaryotic Cells: Structure and Function (XL3 Microbiology)
🧫 Microbial Growth (XL3 Microbiology)
⚗️ Microbial Metabolism (XL3 Microbiology)
🦠 Microbial Diseases and Host Pathogen Interaction (XL3 Microbiology)
💊 Control of Micro-organisms: Chemotherapy/Antibiotics (XL3 Microbiology)
🧬 Microbial Genetics (XL3 Microbiology)
🌱 Microbial Ecology (XL3 Microbiology)
🦋 Animal Diversity (XL4 Zoology)
🦕 Evolution (XL4 Zoology)
🧬 Genetics (XL4 Zoology)
🧬 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (XL4 Zoology)
🔬 Cell Biology (XL4 Zoology)
🧪 Gene Expression in Eukaryotes (XL4 Zoology)
🫀 Animal Anatomy and Physiology (XL4 Zoology)
🦠 Parasitology and Immunology (XL4 Zoology)
🐣 Development Biology (XL4 Zoology)
🌿 Ecology (XL4 Zoology)
🐝 Animal Behaviour (XL4 Zoology)
🧪 Food Chemistry and Nutrition (XL5 Food Technology)
🦠 Food Microbiology (XL5 Food Technology)
🥫 Food Products Technology (XL5 Food Technology)
🏭 Food Engineering (XL5 Food Technology)
📖 Reading Comprehension (XH0 Reasoning and Comprehension)
✍️ Expression (XH0 Reasoning and Comprehension)
🧩 Analytical Reasoning (XH0 Reasoning and Comprehension)
⚖️ Logical Reasoning (XH0 Reasoning and Comprehension)
📉 Microeconomics (XH1 Economics)
📈 Macroeconomics (XH1 Economics)
📊 Statistics, Econometrics and Mathematical Economics (XH1 Economics)
🌐 International Economics (XH1 Economics)
🏛️ Public Economics (XH1 Economics)
🌱 Development Economics (XH1 Economics)
📊 Indian Economy (XH1 Economics)
📖 Literary Forms, Genres, and Modes of Expression (XH2 English)
🏛️ History of English Literature and Literary Studies (XH2 English)
🌏 Comparative and World Literatures in English Translation (XH2 English)
📚 Critical Theories and Intellectual Traditions (XH2 English)
🖋️ Contemporary Literary Cultures and Research Methodologies (XH2 English)
🗣️ Language and Linguistics: Fundamental Concepts (XH3 Linguistics)
🔤 Levels of Grammatical Analysis (XH3 Linguistics)
📜 Historical Linguistics: Language Change (XH3 Linguistics)
💬 Sociolinguistics: Language and Society (XH3 Linguistics)
🌏 Typology and Universals: Language Classification (XH3 Linguistics)
🔬 Methods of Analysis (XH3 Linguistics)
🧠 Applied Linguistics (XH3 Linguistics)
🪔 Classical Indian Philosophy (XH4 Philosophy)
🪷 Contemporary Indian Philosophy (XH4 Philosophy)
🏛️ Classical and Modern Western Philosophy (XH4 Philosophy)
🧠 Contemporary Western Philosophy (XH4 Philosophy)
📊 Research Methods and Statistics (XH5 Psychology)
📏 Psychometrics (XH5 Psychology)
🧠 Biological and Evolutionary Basis of Behaviour (XH5 Psychology)
🧠 Perception, Learning, Memory and Forgetting (XH5 Psychology)
💡 Cognition: Thinking, Problem Solving, Decision Making and Intelligence (XH5 Psychology)
🎭 Personality: Theories, Biology and Assessment (XH5 Psychology)
🧠 Motivation, Emotion and Stress and Coping (XH5 Psychology)
👥 Social Psychology (XH5 Psychology)
🌱 Development Across the Life Span (XH5 Psychology)
🧠 Clinical Psychology and Organizational Behavior (XH5 Psychology)
🎓 Applications of Psychology (XH5 Psychology)
🏛️ Sociological Theory (XH6 Sociology)
🔬 Research Methodology and Methods (XH6 Sociology)
🧩 Sociological Concepts (XH6 Sociology)
🌾 Agrarian Sociology and Rural Transformation (XH6 Sociology)
👪 Family, Marriage and Kinship; Theoretical Approaches (XH6 Sociology)
🏘️ Indian Society / Sociology of India (XH6 Sociology)
✊ Social Movements (XH6 Sociology)
🌍 Sociology of Development (XH6 Sociology)
📐 Engineering Mathematics: XE0-only topics (XE0 Engineering Mathematics)
- Sequences, Series, Power Series, Taylor's Theorem and the Mean Value Theorems
- Improper Integrals, Volumes of Revolution, Two-Variable Limits, Lagrange Multipliers and Double-Integral Applications
- Diagonalisation, Cayley-Hamilton, LU Solution, De Moivre's Theorem and Analytic Functions
- Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations: Nonlinear First Order, Wronskian, Variation of Parameters, Cauchy-Euler, Eigenvalue Problems, Power Series and Separation of Variables
- Axioms of Probability, the Normal Distribution, Correlation and Regression, Interpolation and Simpson's 3/8 Rule
💧 Classification of Flows (XE1 Fluid Mechanics)
⚓ Hydrostatics (XE1 Fluid Mechanics)
🌊 Kinematics of Fluid Motion (XE1 Fluid Mechanics)
💧 Integral Analysis for a Control Volume (XE1 Fluid Mechanics)
🌀 Differential Analysis (XE1 Fluid Mechanics)
📐 Dimensional Analysis (XE1 Fluid Mechanics)
🚰 Internal Flows (XE1 Fluid Mechanics)
🌀 Potential Flows (XE1 Fluid Mechanics)
✈️ External Flows (XE1 Fluid Mechanics)
💎 Classification and Structure of Materials (XE2 Materials Science)
🧪 Thermodynamics, Kinetics and Phase Transformations (XE2 Materials Science)
🧲 Properties and Applications of Materials (XE2 Materials Science)
- Mechanical Properties: Elasticity, Slip, Strengthening, Fracture, Fatigue, Creep and Composites
- Electronic Properties: Drude and Quantum Free-Electron Models, Bands, Semiconductors, Hall Effect and Dielectrics
- Magnetic, Thermal and Optical Properties: Magnetism, Hysteresis, Heat Capacity, Conduction, Thermoelectricity and Light
🔬 Characterization and Measurements of Properties (XE2 Materials Science)
🔥 Processing of Materials (XE2 Materials Science)
🔩 Degradation of Materials (XE2 Materials Science)
⚙️ Mechanics of Rigid Bodies (XE3 Solid Mechanics)
🏗️ Mechanics of Deformable Bodies (XE3 Solid Mechanics)
〰️ Vibrations (XE3 Solid Mechanics)
🌡️ Basic Concepts (XE4 Thermodynamics)
💧 Properties of Pure Substances (XE4 Thermodynamics)
🔥 First Law of Thermodynamics (XE4 Thermodynamics)
🔥 Second Law of Thermodynamics (XE4 Thermodynamics)
🌡️ Entropy (XE4 Thermodynamics)
⚗️ Thermodynamic Relations (XE4 Thermodynamics)
⚙️ Thermodynamic Cycles (XE4 Thermodynamics)
💧 Mixtures of Ideal Gases (XE4 Thermodynamics)
🧪 Polymer Chemistry (XE5 Polymer Science and Engineering)
🔬 Polymer Characterization (XE5 Polymer Science and Engineering)
🧪 Synthesis, Manufacturing and Properties (XE5 Polymer Science and Engineering)
🧵 Polymer Blends and Composites (XE5 Polymer Science and Engineering)
🧪 Additives, Compounding and Formulations (XE5 Polymer Science and Engineering)
🌀 Polymer Rheology (XE5 Polymer Science and Engineering)
🏭 Polymer Processing (XE5 Polymer Science and Engineering)
🧪 Polymer Testing (XE5 Polymer Science and Engineering)
♻️ Polymer Recycling, Waste Management and Sustainability (XE5 Polymer Science and Engineering)
🌤️ Atmospheric Science: Structure, Radiation and Thermodynamics (XE7 Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences)
🌀 Atmospheric Science: Dynamics and Circulation (XE7 Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences)
🌊 Ocean Sciences: Physical Oceanography (XE7 Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences)
- Stratification of the Ocean: Profiles, Stability, Double Diffusion, Equation of State and Conservation Equations
- Currents and Wind-driven Circulation: Inertial and Geostrophic Flow, Air-Sea Fluxes, Ekman and Sverdrup Transports
- Storm Surges, Tides, Tsunamis, Waves, Eddies and Gyres, and Thermohaline Circulation
🪸 Ocean Sciences: Chemical and Biological Oceanography (XE7 Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences)
🛢️ Fossil Energy Resources (XE8 Energy Science)
☢️ Nuclear Energy Resources (XE8 Energy Science)
☀️ Solar Thermal Systems (XE8 Energy Science)
☀️ Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems (XE8 Energy Science)
🌾 Biomass (XE8 Energy Science)
🌬️ Wind Energy Conversion Systems (XE8 Energy Science)
💧 Hydropower (XE8 Energy Science)
🔋 Energy Storage Systems (XE8 Energy Science)
💰 Economic Analysis of Energy Systems (XE8 Energy Science)
🏭 Environmental Impacts of Energy Use (XE8 Energy Science)
💡 Energy Management (XE8 Energy Science)
🧵 Textile Fibres (XE9 Textile Engineering and Fibre Science)
🧵 Yarn Manufacture, Yarn Structure and Properties (XE9 Textile Engineering and Fibre Science)
🧵 Fabric Manufacture, Structure and Properties (XE9 Textile Engineering and Fibre Science)
🔬 Textile Testing (XE9 Textile Engineering and Fibre Science)
🧵 Chemical Processing (XE9 Textile Engineering and Fibre Science)
- Chemical Processing I: Impurities, Preparatory Processes, Mercerisation, Wool and Silk, Man-made Fibres and Optical Brightening
- Chemical Processing II: Dyes, Dyeing, Machines, Dye-Fibre Thermodynamics and Kinetics, Colour Measurement and Fastness
- Chemical Processing III: Printing, Finishing, and Effluent Pollution Control
📐 Engineering Mathematics: NM-only topics (NM paper)
🏗️ Applied Mechanics and Structures (NM paper)
🌊 Fluid Mechanics and Marine Hydrodynamics (NM paper)
🚢 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering (NM paper)
⚙️ Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering (NM paper)
🧠 Reasoning
📐 Mathematics
- Sets, Relations and Functions
- Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
- Matrices and Determinants
- Permutations, Combinations and the Binomial Theorem
- Sequences and Series
- Trigonometry — Identities, Equations and Inverse Functions
- Limits, Continuity and Differentiability
- Differentiation and Applications of Derivatives
- Integration and Definite Integrals
- Differential Equations
- Straight Lines and Circles
- Conic Sections — Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola
- Vector Algebra
- Three-Dimensional Geometry
- Probability and Statistics
📈 CAT — Common Admission Test
📖 VARC — Verbal Ability & Reading Comprehension
- Para Summary and Odd Sentence Out
- Critical Reasoning — Inference, Assumption and Tone
- Practice Passages — Standards, and the Commons
- Reading Comprehension: Main Idea, Structure, Tone & Inference
- Practice Passages — Evidence, and Restoration
- Para-jumbles & Para-completion
- Practice Items — Summary, Odd Sentence, Jumbles
- Grammar, Usage and Vocabulary — In Context, Because That Is How CAT Asks
🧩 DILR — Data Interpretation & Logical Reasoning
- Reading a DILR Set — Triage, Tables and Charts
- Arrangements, Distributions, Games and Tournaments
- Data Interpretation: Charts, Growth Rates & Percentage Points
- Practice Set — Tables and Shares
- Venn Diagrams, Distributions, Routes & Scheduling
- Practice Set — Arrangements and a Points Table
- Practice Set — A Caselet and Data Sufficiency
- Blood Relations, Directions and Coding — the Sets Worth Taking First
🔢 QA — Quantitative Ability
- Algebra — Equations, Inequalities and Modulus
- Functions, Logarithms and Progressions
- Geometry and Coordinate Geometry at CAT Depth
- Counting, Probability and Set Theory
- Practice Set — TITA (Type In The Answer)
- Number Systems: Divisibility, Factors, Remainders & Bases
- Arithmetic at CAT Depth: Percentages, Profit, Interest, Ratio, Mixtures & Averages
- Time, Speed & Distance and Time & Work at CAT Depth
- Inequalities, Maxima–Minima & Mensuration of Solids