Which Rajasthan Act contains the section that lists the classes of tenants as khatedar tenants, maliks, tenants of khudkasht and gair khatedar tenants?

The Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, in its section 14

The Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956, in its chapter on revenue officers

The Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, in its section 14

The Rajasthan Zamindari and Biswedari Abolition Act, 1959, in its schedule

The Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022, in its definitions

Section 4 of the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956 establishes the Board of Revenue for Rajasthan. It consists of a Chairman and:

exactly seven other members, no more and no fewer

not fewer than ten and not more than twenty-five other members

not more than two other members, one judicial and one administrative

Section 38 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, headed interest of tenants, lays down the general rule that, save as otherwise provided in the Act, a tenant’s interest in his holding is:

transferable by sale, but not heritable by his successors

both heritable and freely transferable to any person

neither heritable nor transferable, and ends with his death

Under the Scheduled Caste restriction in section 42 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, as it stands in the consolidated text, a sale of a khatedar’s holding by a member of a Scheduled Caste to a person who is not a member of a Scheduled Caste is:

valid, if the sale deed is registered

valid, if the Tehsildar grants permission

voidable only at the option of the buyer

A person who, in conspiracy with others, leaks a recruitment question paper is convicted under section 10(2) of the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022 as it stands after the Amendment Act No. 17 of 2023. What is the prescribed punishment?

Imprisonment of not less than ten years, extending to life, and a fine of Rs 10 lakh to Rs 10 crore

Imprisonment of five to ten years and a fine of Rs 10 lakh to Rs 10 crore

Imprisonment of not less than ten years, extending to life, and a fine of Rs 10 lakh to Rs 10 crore

Imprisonment of up to three years and a fine of not less than Rs 1 lakh

Imprisonment of not less than ten years, extending to life, and a fine of Rs 1 lakh to Rs 10 lakh

As enacted in the Rajasthan Gazette of 6 April 2022, section 15 of the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022 says that no police officer below the rank of which post shall investigate an offence under the Act?

Additional Superintendent of Police

Deputy Superintendent of Police

Additional Superintendent of Police

Section 14 of the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022 describes the offences under the Act as:

cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable

non-cognizable, bailable and compoundable

cognizable, bailable and non-compoundable

cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable

non-cognizable, non-bailable and compoundable

Rajasthan Land and Revenue Laws; the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022

This chapter answers Mains Paper III, Unit III, Part B, the Rajasthan clause “Important Land Laws in Rajasthan”, which names the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 and the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956 and lists the section ranges to be read. It also answers the Prelims current-affairs item on the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022. It teaches what each Act is for, the classes of tenants and their rights, the revenue courts and appeals, the revenue officers, survey, record of rights and settlement, and then the examination law section by section. Section numbers and headings were checked against the consolidated text of the two land Acts as published on the India Code and state legal portals on 29 October 2026, and the 2022 Act against the Rajasthan Gazette copy with the 2023 amendment appended; later amendments may exist, so re-read the bare Act before the exam.

1. Two Acts, two jobs

Rajasthan keeps two separate statutes for land because the State has two relationships with the same field. The Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 (Act No. 3 of 1955, which received the President’s assent in March 1955) governs the relationship between the person who holds land and the person who owns the superior right: who is a tenant, what the tenant may do with the holding, what rent is lawful, and which court hears a dispute. The Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956 (Act No. 15 of 1956) governs the State as revenue authority: the Board of Revenue and the hierarchy of officers, the village revenue staff, survey and the record of rights, the settlement of rent-rates, partition of estates and recovery of dues. Both extend to the whole of Rajasthan and both came into force on a date fixed by notification (section 1 of each).

Where to look: the two Acts side by side
Question	Tenancy Act, 1955	Land Revenue Act, 1956
Who is a tenant, and of what class?	Sections 14 to 17A	Not its subject
What may a tenant do with the holding?	Sections 31 to 54A	Not its subject
Which officer or board hears the matter?	Sections 206 to 232 (courts, appeals, revision)	Sections 4 to 36 (Board and officers)
Survey, record of rights, settlement	Not its subject	Sections 106 to 137 and 142 to 183

⚠️ The commonest swap

Candidates attach the wrong Act to a topic. Classes of tenants, tenants’ rights and ejectment belong to the Tenancy Act. The Board of Revenue, patwaris, lambardars, record of rights and settlement belong to the Land Revenue Act. Appeals and revision appear in both, as two different sets of sections (Tenancy 222 to 232; Land Revenue 74 to 87).

2. Tenancy Act: who is a tenant (sections 1, 5, 14 to 17A)

Section 1 gives the short title and extent; section 5 is the definitions clause (sections 2 and 4 stand omitted in the consolidated text, and section 3 is the repeal). The heart of this part is section 14, which lists the classes of tenants: khatedar tenants, maliks, tenants of khudkasht and gair khatedar tenants. The classes are about the strength of the holding, from the secure khatedar down to the residual gair khatedar.

Classes of tenants and the sections that create them
Class	Section	Core idea
Khatedar tenant	15	A tenant of land at commencement, or later admitted as a tenant, becomes khatedar, subject to section 16; sub-tenants and tenants of khudkasht are excluded
Land where khatedari rights do not accrue	16	A list of excluded land, such as pasture, State-owned gardens, land held for public purposes, Government forests
Gair khatedar tenant	17	Every tenant other than a khatedar tenant, a tenant of khudkasht or a sub-tenant
Malik	17A	A zamindar or biswedar whose estate vested in the State under the Zamindari and Biswedari Abolition Act, 1959 is a malik for the khudkasht land he occupied on the date of vesting

Section 16 is the examinable list. Khatedari rights do not accrue in pasture land; occasional cultivation in river or tank beds; water-covered land used for growing singhara and the like; land under shifting or unstable cultivation; gardens owned and maintained by the State; land held or acquired for public purposes or public-utility works; military encamping grounds; cantonment, railway and canal boundaries and Government forests; and land held by educational institutions for agricultural instruction or playgrounds, among others. The reasoning is simple: land set apart for the community or the State cannot become a private permanent holding by mere occupation.

🧠 Order of strength

Remember the section order 14 (classes), 15 (khatedar), 16 (exceptions), 17 (gair khatedar), 17A (malik). The exceptions come before the residual class because the Act first says who is khatedar, then which land can never give khatedari, then who is left.

3. Tenancy Act: the tenant’s rights and limits (sections 31 to 54A)

Sections 31 to 37 protect the tenant against exploitation. In the consolidated headings they are: rights to a residential house (31), the right to a written lease and its counterparts (32), attestation of leases in lieu of registration (33), prohibition of premium or forced labour (34), prohibition of payment other than rent (35), use of materials (36), and the bar to seizure, attachment and sale by court process (37). The pattern is a tenant-protection code: no premium, no forced labour, no extra levy, and the holding itself is shielded from being sold in the usual way for the tenant’s debts.

Sections 38 to 54A set the interest of the tenant. Section 38 states the general rule: save as provided in the Act, a tenant’s interest in the holding is heritable but not transferable. The rest of the group is a list of exceptions and rules: bequest (39), succession (40), and section 41, which lets a khatedar transfer his interest, but not by sub-lease, and subject to the conditions of sections 42 and 43. Section 42 limits sale, gift and bequest; its surviving restriction in clause (b) makes void a transfer by a Scheduled Caste member to a person who is not a Scheduled Caste member, and likewise for a Scheduled Tribe member, with clause (bb) giving the Saharia tribe the same protection. Then come mortgage (43), letting and sub-letting (44 to 47), exchange of land (48 to 52, with 49A on exchange by Scheduled Caste or Tribe members) and division of a holding (53). Sections 54 and 54A are shown as omitted in the consolidated text.

🎯 Why heritable but not transferable

The Act began as agrarian reform: the cultivator was to be secured on the land, and not driven off it by sale for debt. So the default is inheritance, which keeps the family on the land, and sale is allowed only as the later sections allow. The protection of Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Saharia holders in section 42 follows the same logic: land should not drift out of the hands of the weakest groups.

⚠️ Do not key a ceiling or area limit to section 42

Older notes attach a land-ceiling style limit to section 42. In the consolidated text checked here, clauses (a) and (c) of section 42 are shown as omitted, and what remains is the caste and tribe protection in clauses (b) and (bb). Treat any older limit with caution and read the bare text.

4. Tenancy Act: revenue courts, appeals and revision (sections 206 to 232, 239 to 242)

The second block of the Tenancy Act is the procedure code. Section 207 says that the suits and applications listed in the Act are cognizable by revenue courts only, which ousts the civil court from tenancy matters; section 208 applies the Code of Civil Procedure to the extent the Act does not provide otherwise. The following sections cover ordinary and inherent powers of revenue courts, their subordination, limitation (214) and court fee (215), and section 213, sale of a khatedar’s interest in execution of an arrears decree.

Appeals: section 222 says no appeal lies unless the Act allows it; 223 covers appeals from original decrees, 224 appeals from appellate decrees and 225 appeals from orders; 226 lets the Board reject an appeal summarily; 228 gives limitation.
Review and revision: section 229 gives review by the Board and revenue courts; 230 lets the Board call for cases; 231 lets the High Court call for cases; 232 provides to call for a record and refer it to the Board.
Pleas before civil courts: sections 239 to 242 say what happens when a plea of proprietary right (239 to 241) or of tenancy rights (242) is raised, so that the right forum decides.

🧠 One line for the group

207 opens the door (only revenue courts), 208 supplies the procedure (Civil Procedure Code), 222 shuts the door on unauthorised appeals, 229 to 232 give the four ways in which a decision can be reopened above the trial level.

5. Land Revenue Act: the Board, the officers and the village staff (sections 1 to 36, 40A)

Section 1 gives the title and extent, section 2 saves other enactments and section 3 is the interpretation clause. Section 4 establishes the Board of Revenue for Rajasthan, consisting of a Chairman and not fewer than three and not more than fifteen other members; the State fixes their qualifications and service conditions, and the Board’s constitution is not invalid merely because of a vacancy. Sections 5 to 13 deal with tenure, place of sitting, ministerial officers, the Board’s powers (8), general superintendence of subordinate revenue courts (9), reference to a Bench, to the High Court and decision in case of difference of opinion.

Officers and staff named in sections 15 to 36 and 40A
Section	Subject
15, 16	Territorial divisions; power to create, abolish or alter them
17	Commissioners and Additional Commissioners
18, 19	Settlement Commissioner; Director of Land Records
20A	Revenue Appellate Authority
30 to 35	Patwari circles and patwaris; land-records inspection circles; Girdawar Qanungos and Sadar Qanungos; their qualifications
40A	Termination of the services of lambardars

6. Land Revenue Act: appeals, survey, records and settlement (sections 74 to 87, 106 to 137, 142 to 183)

The three section ranges in the syllabus list
Sections	Theme	Examinable anchors
74 to 87	Appeals, revision and review	75 first appeals; 76 second appeals; 78 limitation; 83 State Government revision; 84 Board revision; 85A review by the State; 86 review by the Board and other courts
106 to 137	Survey, record operations and the record of rights	106 survey or re-survey; 107 record operations; 113 record of rights; 121 khatauni; 128 boundary disputes; 132 annual registers; 133 report of succession and transfer; 134 fine for neglect to report
142 to 183	Settlement and re-settlement of rent-rates	142 settlement; 145 Settlement Officers; 150 soil classification; 151 evolution of rent-rates; 156 sanction of proposals; 161 and 162 limits and progressive enhancement; 172 rent not variable during settlement; 175 term of settlement; 183 review of sanctioned rates

The logic of the three groups is a sequence. Appeals and revision keep the officers honest (74 to 87). Survey and the record of rights fix what land exists and who holds it: the khatauni, the annual registers and the duty to report every succession or transfer keep the record alive (106 to 137). Settlement then turns the record into rent-rates by classifying soil, forming assessment circles and publishing and sanctioning proposals, so that the rent of a tenant is fixed for the term of settlement (142 to 183). A tenant who dislikes the rent determined is given an option to refuse it (section 168).

⚠️ Settlement is about rent-rates, not partition

Partition of an estate lies outside the syllabus list, in a later run of sections (184 onwards), and recovery of arrears later still. If a question asks which range deals with settlement or re-settlement, the answer is the run beginning at section 142.

7. The Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022

The full title is the Rajasthan Public Examination (Measures for Prevention of Unfair Means in Recruitment) Act, 2022, Act No. 6 of 2022. The Governor assented on 5 April 2022 and it was published in the Rajasthan Gazette on 6 April 2022; it comes into force on a date notified under section 1(3). It was amended once, by Act No. 17 of 2023 (assent 5 August 2023, in force at once), which changed only section 10(2). It has 20 sections and two Schedules. Its purpose is to prevent and control paper leaks and unfair means in public examinations for recruitment to posts under the State Government, including autonomous bodies, authorities, boards and corporations, and to provide Designated Courts to try the offences.

Section 2 defines the key terms. A public examination is a recruitment examination listed in Schedule II. Unfair means has two limbs: for an examinee (2(f)(i)), taking unauthorised help from any person or material or using unauthorised electronic or mechanical devices; for any person (2(f)(ii), which includes an examinee), impersonation, leaking or attempting or conspiring to leak a paper, procuring or possessing a paper improperly, solving a paper or seeking help to solve it, and assisting an examinee improperly. Schedule I names the examination authorities, among them the Rajasthan Public Service Commission, the Rajasthan High Court, the Rajasthan Staff Selection Board, State-funded universities, the Rajasthan Board of Secondary Education, the Rajasthan Police Recruitment and Promotion Board and State public-sector undertakings. Schedule II lists the recruitment examinations they conduct. Board and university examinations that are not for recruitment are outside the Act.

Sections 3 to 20 at a glance
Section	Rule
3	No person shall use unfair means at a public examination
4 to 6	Staff may not open, leak, obtain, possess or solve a paper before the fixed time (4); persons on examination work may not divulge what they learn (5); unauthorised persons may not procure or possess papers, answer sheets or OMR sheets (6)
7, 8	Only those engaged in the work, and examinees, may enter a centre (7); no place other than an examination centre may be used (8)
9	Offences by a management, institution or limited liability partnership: those in charge are deemed guilty unless they prove lack of knowledge and due diligence; directors and officers are guilty if the offence is with their consent, connivance or neglect
10	Penalties (next table)
11	An examinee convicted under the Act is debarred from public examinations for two years
12	No one may hold proceeds of an offence; the investigating officer, with the State Government’s prior written approval, seizes or attaches property and informs the Designated Court within 48 hours; the Court confirms or revokes it after hearing the person; on conviction the property may be confiscated to the State
13	A management found guilty under section 10(2) pays all examination costs, as determined by the Designated Court, and is banned forever
14 to 17	Offences are cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable (14); as enacted, investigation by no officer below Additional Superintendent of Police (15); trial by Designated Courts notwithstanding the procedure code (16); Courts of Session designated in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court (17)
18 to 20	The Act adds to other laws (18); removal of difficulties by order within two years of commencement (19); rule-making, rules laid before the House for not less than fourteen days (20)

Section 10: penalties
Who	Imprisonment	Fine
Examinee using unfair means, section 10(1)	Up to three years	Not less than Rs 1 lakh; nine months more if unpaid
Any person, including an examinee, in conspiracy or otherwise, section 10(2), as enacted in 2022	Five to ten years	Rs 10 lakh to Rs 10 crore; two years more if unpaid
Same, after Act 17 of 2023	Not less than ten years, up to life	Unchanged

⚠️ Which figure is current

Many notes still print five to ten years. That was the 2022 text. Act 17 of 2023 replaced it with ten years to life, and also raised the floor in the court’s proviso (adequate and special reasons recorded in the judgment) from five years to ten. Fine and the examinee’s penalty were not touched.

🎯 Why it is built this way

Paper leaks are organised crimes with money behind them, so the law attacks the money (section 12), the institution (sections 9 and 13) and the investigation (senior officer, Designated Court), and keeps the examinee’s own penalty lower than the organiser’s.

Key takeaways

The Tenancy Act, 1955 governs tenants and their rights; the Land Revenue Act, 1956 governs the State as revenue authority. Match the topic to the Act first.
Section 14 lists the classes of tenants; 15 creates khatedars, 16 lists land where khatedari does not accrue, 17 defines gair khatedar tenants and 17A the maliks.
Section 38: a tenant’s interest is heritable but not transferable save as the Act provides; section 42 voids transfers from SC, ST and Saharia holders to outsiders.
Tenancy sections 207 to 232 are the procedure code: revenue courts only, Civil Procedure Code applied, appeals only as allowed, then review and revision by the Board and the High Court.
Land Revenue Act: Board of Revenue under section 4 (Chairman and three to fifteen members); appeals 74 to 87; survey and record of rights 106 to 137; settlement of rent-rates 142 to 183.
The Public Examination Act, 2022 (Act 6 of 2022): examinee up to three years and Rs 1 lakh; organised offenders, after Act 17 of 2023, ten years to life and Rs 10 lakh to 10 crore; offences cognizable, non-bailable, non-compoundable.

Practice questions (17)

Attempt each one before opening the answer. Every explanation names the tempting wrong option as well as the right one, because that is where marks are lost.

Which Rajasthan Act contains the section that lists the classes of tenants as khatedar tenants, maliks, tenants of khudkasht and gair khatedar tenants?
1. The Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956, in its chapter on revenue officers
2. The Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, in its section 14
3. The Rajasthan Zamindari and Biswedari Abolition Act, 1959, in its schedule
4. The Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022, in its definitions
Show answer
Answer: B — The Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, in its section 14
Section 14 of the Tenancy Act, headed classes of tenants, names the four classes. The Land Revenue Act is tempting because it also concerns land, but it deals with the State’s revenue machinery, not the classes of tenants.
Section 4 of the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956 establishes the Board of Revenue for Rajasthan. It consists of a Chairman and:
1. exactly seven other members, no more and no fewer
2. not fewer than ten and not more than twenty-five other members
3. not more than two other members, one judicial and one administrative
4. not fewer than three and not more than fifteen other members
Show answer
Answer: D — not fewer than three and not more than fifteen other members
Section 4 fixes the strength as a Chairman plus three to fifteen other members, a flexible range so that the State can adjust the Board’s size. A fixed number of seven is wrong because the section sets a range, not a single figure.
Consider the following statements about section 16 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, which lists land in which khatedari rights shall not accrue. P: Pasture land is among them. Q: Land let to a tenant for cultivation for three consecutive years is among them. R: Gardens owned and maintained by the State are among them. S: Government forests are among them. Which statements are correct?
1. P, R and S only
2. P and Q only
3. Q and R only
4. P, Q, R and S
Show answer
Answer: A — P, R and S only
Pasture land, State gardens and Government forests are all in the section 16 list. Q is invented: the section excludes land set apart for public or State uses and some kinds of unstable cultivation, but not ordinary land let for three years, which is why the choice containing Q is wrong.
Section 38 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, headed interest of tenants, lays down the general rule that, save as otherwise provided in the Act, a tenant’s interest in his holding is:
1. transferable by sale, but not heritable by his successors
2. both heritable and freely transferable to any person
3. heritable but not transferable
4. neither heritable nor transferable, and ends with his death
Show answer
Answer: C — heritable but not transferable
Section 38 makes the interest heritable but not transferable, subject to the exceptions in the following sections such as 41 to 43. The reverse, transferable but not heritable, would defeat the Act’s aim of keeping the cultivator’s family on the land.
Under the Scheduled Caste restriction in section 42 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955, as it stands in the consolidated text, a sale of a khatedar’s holding by a member of a Scheduled Caste to a person who is not a member of a Scheduled Caste is:
1. void
2. valid, if the sale deed is registered
3. valid, if the Tehsildar grants permission
4. voidable only at the option of the buyer
Show answer
Answer: A — void
The section declares such a transfer void, which protects Scheduled Caste holdings and gives the same protection to Scheduled Tribe holdings. Registration or an officer’s permission cannot cure a void transfer, so those choices are wrong.
Under section 10(1) of the Rajasthan Public Examination (Measures for Prevention of Unfair Means in Recruitment) Act, 2022, an examinee who uses unfair means is liable to imprisonment of:
1. up to one year and a fine of Rs 50,000
2. not less than ten years and a fine of Rs 10 lakh
3. up to three years and a fine of not less than Rs 1 lakh
4. up to five years and a fine of not less than Rs 10 lakh
Show answer
Answer: C — up to three years and a fine of not less than Rs 1 lakh
Section 10(1) provides up to three years and a fine not less than Rs 1 lakh. The ten-year and Rs 10 lakh figures belong to the organiser’s penalty in section 10(2), not to the examinee.
A person who, in conspiracy with others, leaks a recruitment question paper is convicted under section 10(2) of the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022 as it stands after the Amendment Act No. 17 of 2023. What is the prescribed punishment?
1. Imprisonment of five to ten years and a fine of Rs 10 lakh to Rs 10 crore
2. Imprisonment of not less than ten years, extending to life, and a fine of Rs 10 lakh to Rs 10 crore
3. Imprisonment of up to three years and a fine of not less than Rs 1 lakh
4. Imprisonment of not less than ten years, extending to life, and a fine of Rs 1 lakh to Rs 10 lakh
Show answer
Answer: B — Imprisonment of not less than ten years, extending to life, and a fine of Rs 10 lakh to Rs 10 crore
The 2023 amendment raised the term to not less than ten years and up to life and left the fine at Rs 10 lakh to Rs 10 crore. The five-to-ten-year option is the original 2022 text, and the choice with a Rs 1 lakh to Rs 10 lakh fine wrongly alters the fine.
As enacted in the Rajasthan Gazette of 6 April 2022, section 15 of the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022 says that no police officer below the rank of which post shall investigate an offence under the Act?
1. Sub-Inspector of Police
2. Deputy Superintendent of Police
3. Inspector of Police
4. Additional Superintendent of Police
Show answer
Answer: D — Additional Superintendent of Police
The enacted section 15 sets the floor at Additional Superintendent of Police, a high rank chosen so that senior officers handle organised leaks. Deputy Superintendent is the tempting wrong answer: it is a lower rank than the one the section names.
Section 14 of the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022 describes the offences under the Act as:
1. non-cognizable, bailable and compoundable
2. cognizable, bailable and non-compoundable
3. cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable
4. non-cognizable, non-bailable and compoundable
Show answer
Answer: C — cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable
Section 14 makes every offence cognizable, non-bailable and non-compoundable, so police may act without a warrant and the case cannot be settled by compromise. The choice with bailable offences is the most tempting wrong option, but the Act denies bail as of right.
Consider the following about the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022. P: Schedule II includes recruitment examinations conducted by the Rajasthan Public Service Commission. Q: An examinee convicted under the Act is debarred from public examinations for two years. R: A management found guilty under section 10(2) must pay all examination costs and is banned forever. S: The Act covers every semester examination conducted by State-funded universities. Which are correct?
1. P, Q and R only
2. P, Q and S only
3. Q, R and S only
4. P and S only
Show answer
Answer: A — P, Q and R only
P, Q and R restate Schedule II, section 11 and section 13. S is wrong: the Act reaches only recruitment examinations, and Schedule II lists recruitment examinations of the State-funded universities, not their semester examinations.
Match each section of the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022 with its subject. P: section 11. Q: section 12. R: section 13. S: section 17. Subjects:
I. attachment and confiscation of property;
II. power to appoint Designated Courts;
III. management pays all costs and is banned;
IV. debarment of a convicted examinee.
1. P-I, Q-IV, R-III, S-II
2. P-IV, Q-III, R-I, S-II
3. P-III, Q-I, R-IV, S-II
4. P-IV, Q-I, R-III, S-II
Show answer
Answer: D — P-IV, Q-I, R-III, S-II
Section 11 is debarment, 12 attachment and confiscation, 13 the management’s liability for costs and 17 the designation of Courts of Session as Designated Courts. The pairings that swap 12 with 13 confuse the property provision with the institutional liability.
Arrange in chronological order of enactment:
P. the Rajasthan Public Examination Act, 2022;
Q. the Amendment Act No. 17 of 2023 to that Act;
R. the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955;
S. the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956.
1. S, R, P, Q
2. R, S, Q, P
3. R, P, S, Q
4. R, S, P, Q
Show answer
Answer: D — R, S, P, Q
The Tenancy Act is 1955, the Land Revenue Act 1956, the Examination Act April 2022 and its amendment August 2023. An amendment cannot precede the Act it amends, which rules out the order with Q before P.
Which of the following is NOT a class of tenant listed in section 14 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955?
1. Khatedar tenant
2. Tenant of khudkasht
3. Gair khatedar tenant
4. Biswedar tenant
Show answer
Answer: D — Biswedar tenant
The section names khatedar tenants, maliks, tenants of khudkasht and gair khatedar tenants. A biswedar is a former intermediary whose estate vested in the State; such a person may become a malik for khudkasht land under section 17A, but biswedar tenant is not a class.
Settlement or re-settlement, including soil classification and the framing of rent-rates, is the subject of which run of sections of the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956 in the syllabus list?
1. Sections 74 to 87
2. Sections 106 to 137
3. Sections 4 to 36
4. Sections 142 to 183
Show answer
Answer: D — Sections 142 to 183
Section 142 opens the chapter on settlement or re-settlement, and the run to 183 covers soil classification, rent-rates and the term of settlement. Sections 106 to 137 are the neighbouring group on survey and the record of rights, which is the common confusion.
In the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956, the sections headed First Appeals and Second Appeals are:
1. sections 106 and 107
2. sections 75 and 76
3. sections 142 and 143
4. sections 4 and 5
Show answer
Answer: B — sections 75 and 76
Sections 75 and 76 are the first and second appeals, inside the 74 to 87 group on appeals, revision and review. Sections 106 and 107 deal with survey and record operations.
Section 17 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 provides that every tenant of land in any part of the State, other than a khatedar tenant, a tenant of khudkasht or a sub-tenant, is a:
1. malik of the land
2. gair khatedar tenant
3. khatedar tenant by default
4. tenant of khudkasht by default
Show answer
Answer: B — gair khatedar tenant
Section 17 is the residual class: those who are not khatedar, not tenants of khudkasht and not sub-tenants are gair khatedar tenants. Becoming a malik is a different route, under section 17A for former zamindars and biswedars.
Which of the following pairings of an Act and a section is incorrect? P: Land Revenue Act, section 40A, termination of the services of lambardars. Q: Tenancy Act, section 16, land where khatedari rights shall not accrue. R: Land Revenue Act, section 113, preparation of the record of rights. S: Tenancy Act, section 113, preparation of the record of rights.
1. S only
2. P only
3. Q and R only
4. P and S only
Show answer
Answer: A — S only
The record of rights is prepared under the Land Revenue Act’s section 113; section 113 of the Tenancy Act is about rates in special cases. P, Q and R are correctly paired, so only S is incorrect.