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Paper 2 · code 89National Testing Agency (for UGC)

Start UGC NET Environmental Sciences preparation free Like it? Continue at just ₹29/month — less than ₹1 a day

All 10 units of the NTA syllabus in 29 chapters, with Paper 1 in the same course.

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  • 29chapters
  • 10syllabus units
  • 100question Paper 2 mock
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Exam pattern

Paper 2 pattern

UGC NET Paper 2 — Environmental Sciences

  • 100 questions
  • 200 marks
  • 120 minutes
  • +2 per right answer
  • no negative marking
  • Unit I — Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences10 Qs · 20 marks
  • Unit II — Environmental Chemistry10 Qs · 20 marks
  • Unit III — Environmental Biology10 Qs · 20 marks
  • Unit IV — Environmental Geosciences10 Qs · 20 marks
  • Unit V — Energy and Environment10 Qs · 20 marks
  • Unit VI — Environmental Pollution and Control10 Qs · 20 marks
  • Unit VII — Solid and Hazardous Waste Management10 Qs · 20 marks
  • Unit VIII — Environmental Assessment, Management and Legislation10 Qs · 20 marks
  • Unit IX — Statistical Approaches and Modelling in Environmental Sciences10 Qs · 20 marks
  • Unit X — Contemporary Environmental Issues10 Qs · 20 marks

What you get

Everything for UGC NET Environmental Sciences, in one course

  • Chapters in English and Hindi29 chapters on the official syllabus, each ending in a quiz that explains every answer.
  • Mock tests in the real patternTimed and marked the way the exam is, negative marking included, with a section-by-section report.
  • Revision and weak-area analyticsSee which topics cost you marks, and revise them on a spaced schedule.
  • AI mentorPremiumAsk a doubt in English or Hindi, any hour, and get a plain answer.

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Try a real Environmental Sciences question

A real question from the course. No sign-up needed.

From the chapter: Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences I: Definition, Principles and Scope, the Structure and Composition of the Four Spheres, Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer and Material Balance, and Meteorological Parameters, Lapse Rates and Wind Roses

In which layer of the atmosphere does temperature increase with height because ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation?

Show the answer and why

Answer: D.

The ozone layer, concentrated at roughly 15 to 35 km, lies in the stratosphere, and its absorption of ultraviolet light makes temperature rise with height there. The troposphere and mesosphere cool with height; the thermosphere also warms, but because of absorption of the shortest solar wavelengths, not ozone.

Syllabus

UGC NET Environmental Sciences syllabus, unit by unit

Open a unit to see its chapters. The course’s free chapter is Paper 1’s first.

Unit I — Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences2 chapters
  1. Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences I: Definition, Principles and Scope, the Structure and Composition of the Four Spheres, Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer and Material Balance, and Meteorological Parameters, Lapse Rates and Wind Roses
  2. Fundamentals of Environmental Sciences II: Earth, Man and Environment, Biogeographic Provinces and the Agro-Climatic Zones of India, Sustainable Development, Natural Resources, Remote Sensing and GIS, and Environmental Education and Ethics
Unit II — Environmental Chemistry4 chapters
  1. Environmental Chemistry I: The Classification of Elements, Stoichiometry, Gibbs Energy and Chemical Potential, Kinetics and Equilibria, the Solubility of Gases in Water, the Carbonate System, Hydrocarbons and Radioisotopes
  2. Environmental Chemistry II: Atmospheric Chemistry — Particles, Ions and Radicals, Chemical Speciation, the Formation of Particulate Matter, Thermochemical and Photochemical Reactions, Oxygen and Ozone Chemistry, Photochemical Smog, and CO, O₃, PAN, VOCs, POPs and Carcinogens in the Air
  3. Environmental Chemistry III: Water and Soil Chemistry — the Hydrological Cycle and Water as a Solvent, DO, BOD and COD, the Chemistry of Coagulation, Sedimentation and Filtration, pH and Redox Potential, Soil Components and the Nitrogen, Carbon, Phosphorus and Sulphur Cycles, and Pesticides, Heavy Metals and Metalloids
  4. Environmental Chemistry IV: The Principles of Analytical Methods — Titrimetry, Gravimetry, Bomb Calorimetry, Chromatography (Paper, TLC, GC, HPLC), Flame Photometry, Spectrophotometry (UV-VIS, AAS, ICP-AES, ICP-MS), Electrophoresis, XRF, XRD, NMR, FTIR, GC-MS, SEM and TEM
Unit III — Environmental Biology4 chapters
  1. Environmental Biology I: Ecology as an Interdisciplinary Science, the Origin of Life and Speciation, Human Ecology, Ecosystem Structure and Function, Energy Flow, Succession, Ecotones, Niches, Stability and Services, the Types of Ecosystem and the Biomes
  2. Environmental Biology II: Population Ecology — Characteristics, Carrying Capacity, Growth and Regulation, Fluctuations, Dispersion and Metapopulations, r- and K-Species and Keystone Species — and Community Ecology, Interactions and Biological Invasions
  3. Environmental Biology III: Biodiversity and its Conservation — Types, Values and Threats, Hotspots, Measures of Diversity, In Situ, Ex Situ and In Vitro Conservation, Protected Areas and Sacred Groves, Gene Pools, Biopiracy and Bioprospecting, Restoration Ecology, Threatened Species of India, and Industrial Ecology
  4. Environmental Biology IV: Toxicology and Microbiology — Absorption, Distribution, Biotransformation and Excretion, Acute and Chronic Toxicity, Bioassay, TLV, Margin of Safety and Therapeutic Index, Water-Borne Diseases and Airborne Microbes — and Environmental Biotechnology: Bioremediation, Bioindicators, Biofertilisers, Biofuels and Biosensors
Unit IV — Environmental Geosciences3 chapters
  1. Environmental Geosciences I: The Origin of the Earth and its Differentiation, Minerals and Rocks, Tectonic and Climatic Controls on Landforms, Steady State and Equilibrium, the Earth's Energy Budget and Seasons, the Forces that Drive the Wind, the Climates of India with the Monsoon, Western Disturbances, Droughts and ENSO, Residence Time and Geophysical Fields
  2. Environmental Geosciences II: Weathering, Erosion, Transport and Deposition, Soil Formation, Clay Minerals, Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Soil Types and Cation Exchange Capacity, the Geochemical Classification and Abundance of Elements, Partitioning and Recycling, and Palaeoclimate
  3. Environmental Geosciences III: Hydrology and Hydrogeology, the Basins and Groundwater Provinces of India, Darcy's Law, Hydraulic Conductivity, Fluctuations, Tracers, Subsidence, Over-Use and Pollution of Groundwater, the Ghyben-Herzberg Relation, Resource Exploitation and Conservation, and Natural Hazards
Unit V — Energy and Environment2 chapters
  1. Energy and Environment I: The Sun and its Spectrum, the Fossil Fuels — Coal, Petroleum and Natural Gas — with Shale Oil, Coal Bed Methane and Gas Hydrates, Gross and Net Calorific Value, and Nuclear Fission, Fusion, Fuels and Reactors
  2. Energy and Environment II: Hydropower, Tidal Energy, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, Wind, Geothermal and Solar Energy (Collectors, Photovoltaics and Solar Ponds), Bioenergy, and the Environmental Implications of Energy Use — Energy Patterns, CO₂ Emissions, Radiative Forcing and the Impacts of Large-Scale Energy Exploitation
Unit VI — Environmental Pollution and Control4 chapters
  1. Environmental Pollution and Control I: Air Pollution — Sources and Types, Criteria Pollutants, Sampling and Monitoring of Ambient Air and Stack Emissions, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Impacts on Health, Plants and Materials, Acid Rain, and Dispersion: Mixing Height, Lapse Rates and the Gaussian Plume, Line and Area Source Models
  2. Environmental Pollution and Control II: Air Pollution Control — Settling Chambers, Cyclones, Wet Collectors, Fabric Filters and Electrostatic Precipitators, Control of Gaseous Pollutants, Indoor Air Pollution, Vehicular Emissions and Urban Air Quality — and Noise Pollution: Weighting Networks, Noise Indices, Noise Dose, Standards, Control and Vibration
  3. Environmental Pollution and Control III: Water Pollution — Types, Sources and Impacts, Sampling and Analysis of Water Quality Parameters, Microbiological Analysis by MPN, the Indian Drinking Water Standard IS 10500:2012, Drinking Water Treatment, Primary, Secondary and Advanced Wastewater Treatment, and Common Effluent Treatment Plants
  4. Environmental Pollution and Control IV: Soil Pollution — Soil Properties and Quality Analysis, Industrial Effluents and Soil, Soil Micro-Organisms and the Degradation of Pesticides and Fertilisers, and Control — and Thermal Pollution and Heat Islands, Marine Pollution, its Abatement and Coastal Management, and Radioactive Pollution, Radiation Standards and Protection
Unit VII — Solid and Hazardous Waste Management2 chapters
  1. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management I: Municipal Solid Waste — Types, Sources, Characteristics, Generation and Composition, Proximate and Ultimate Analysis, Collection and Transport by Hauled and Stationary Container Systems, Routes and Transfer Stations, Processing and Recovery, Refuse-Derived Fuel, Composting, Vermicomposting and Biomethanation, and Disposal by Sanitary Landfill and Incineration
  2. Solid and Hazardous Waste Management II: Hazardous Waste — Types, Characteristics and Health Impacts, Treatment by Neutralisation, Oxidation-Reduction, Precipitation, Solidification, Stabilisation and Incineration, and Final Disposal — and E-Waste, Fly Ash and Plastic Waste
Unit VIII — Environmental Assessment, Management and Legislation3 chapters
  1. Environmental Assessment and Management: Aims of EIA, EIS and EMP, EIA Guidelines and Methodologies, Review of EIA, Life-Cycle and Cost-Benefit Analysis, Environmental Audit and Planning, ISO 14000, the EIA Notification 2006 and its Amendments, Eco-Labelling, and Risk Assessment
  2. Environmental Legislation in India: Articles 48A and 51A, the Wildlife, Forest, Biodiversity, Water, Air and Environment Protection Acts, the Motor Vehicles Act, the Waste, Chemical, Battery, Noise and Coastal Rules and Notifications, the Public Liability Insurance Act, and the National Forest, Water and Environment Policies — Taught as They Now Stand
  3. Environmental Conventions and Agreements: Stockholm 1972, the Montreal Protocol, the Conferences of Parties, Basel, Ramsar, the Rio Earth Summit and Agenda 21, the GEF, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol and the CDM, Johannesburg 2002, Rio+20, the Millennium Development Goals, Copenhagen 2009, and the IPCC, UNEP and IGBP
Unit IX — Statistical Approaches and Modelling in Environmental Sciences2 chapters
  1. Statistical Approaches I: Attributes and Variables, Scales of Measurement, Central Tendency and Dispersion, Standard Error, Moments, Skewness and Kurtosis, Probability, Sampling Theory, and the Normal, Log-Normal, Binomial, Poisson, t, χ² and F Distributions
  2. Statistical Approaches II and Modelling: Correlation, Regression, Tests of Hypothesis (t, χ² and ANOVA), Significance and Confidence Limits, Environmental Models, Validation and Forecasting, and the Lotka–Volterra and Leslie Matrix Models
Unit X — Contemporary Environmental Issues3 chapters
  1. Contemporary Environmental Issues I: Biodiversity Loss, Climate Change, Ozone Depletion and Sea-Level Rise, International Efforts, the National Action Plan on Climate Change and Its Eight Missions, Adaptation, Energy and Food Security, and Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Credits
  2. Contemporary Environmental Issues II — India: Water Resource Projects (Narmada, Tehri, Almatti, Cauvery, Mahanadi) and Himalayan and North-Eastern Hydropower, Watersheds, Rainwater Harvesting and Groundwater Recharge, River Conservation (Namami Gange and the Yamuna Action Plan), Lake Restoration, Wetlands and Ramsar Sites, and Soil Erosion, Land Reclamation and Desertification
  3. Contemporary Environmental Issues III — India and the World: Forest Movements (Chipko, Appiko, Silent Valley, Gandhamardan) and People's Biodiversity Registers, Wildlife Conservation Projects, Swachh Bharat, Green Buildings and GRIHA, Vehicular Emission Norms, Fluorosis, Arsenicosis, Goitre and Dengue, and the Minamata, Love Canal, Bhopal, Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi Disasters

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FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What does the UGC NET Environmental Sciences course cost?

The first chapter of the UGC NET course is free. All 29 chapters of this subject, in English and Hindi, unlock with the UGC NET plan — ₹29 a month, less than ₹1 a day, cancel anytime — with scored practice, the Paper-2 mock test and spaced revision. Premium adds the AI mentor.

Does it cover the whole Environmental Sciences syllabus?

All 10 units of the NTA syllabus (subject code 89) are written, in 29 chapters, from the official document unit by unit.

What is the UGC NET Paper 2 exam pattern for Environmental Sciences?

100 questions for 200 marks, with no negative marking. Paper 1 and Paper 2 are taken in one sitting of three hours; the mock test here rehearses Paper 2 in 120 minutes.

Related

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